translation of english idioms
英语习语的翻译方法大致可分为直译、直译加注、套译、意译。
一、直译。forbidden fruit is sweet禁果分外甜。
all are not friends that speak us fair. 说我们好话的不一定都是朋友。
if you run after two hares, you will catch neither.
同时追两兔,全都抓不住。(比“同时干两事,全都干不好”更形象生动)
to s**e time is to lengthen life. 节约时间就等于延长生命。
time is money时间就是金钱。(比“一寸光阴一寸金”流行)
二、直译加注。
forbidden fruit 禁果(比喻非法的逸乐,尤指不正当的两性关系)
hellfire地狱之火(比喻苦苦折磨人的东西)
a judas kiss 犹大的吻(比喻背叛行为、口蜜腹剑)
olive branch 橄榄枝(和平的象征)
pandora’s box 潘多拉的盒子(比喻祸害的根源)
a sphinx’s riddle 斯芬克斯之谜(比喻难题或难解之谜)
sour grapes酸葡萄(得不到的东西就说它不好)
the tower of ivory 象牙塔(比喻脱离现实生活的小天地、世外桃源)
the trojan horse 特洛伊木马(比喻暗藏的敌人或危险)
waterloo滑铁卢(比喻惨重的失败、致命的打击)
wolf in sheep’s clothing 披着羊皮的狼(比喻伪装友善的敌人)
to shed crocodile tears 流鳄鱼眼泪——假慈悲。
the best fish swim near the bottom. 好鱼居水底——有价值的东西不能轻易得到。
三、汉语习语套译法。
can the leopard change his spots江山易改,本性难移。
let another’s shipwreck be your sea-mark. 前车之覆,后车之鉴。
in the end things will mend车到山前必有路。
man proposes, god disposes谋事在人,成事在天。
in the kingdom of the blind the one-eyed man is king.
山中无老虎,猴子称大王。(直译:盲人之邦,独眼称王。)
when shepherds quarrel, the wolf has a winning game.
鹬蚌相争,渔翁得利。(直译:牧人自相口角,恶狼乘机大嚼。
he that sows the wind will reap the whirlwind.
玩火者必**。(直译:播风的人必将收到旋风)
many straws may bind an elephant.
烂麻搓成绳,也能拉千斤。(直译:草多可缚大象。)
like begets like龙生龙,凤生凤。(直译:什么种生什么苗。)
四、意译。mary and her mother are as like as two peas.
玛丽和她妈妈长得一模一样。(而不是“像两颗豌豆一样相似”)
i’m too old a dog that can’t learn new tricks.
说话人运用了谚语an old dog can’t learn new tricks.(老狗学不了新花样)。表达了诙谐的口吻,如果直译恐怕难以被中国读者接受。
)意译:我太老了,再也学不进什么新鲜玩意儿了。
she was born with a silver spoon in her mouth; she thinks she can do whatever she likes她生长在富贵之家,认为凡事都可随心所欲。
every man has a fool in his sleeve.
人人都有糊涂的时候。(不宜直译“人人袖子里都装着傻瓜。”)
when greek meets greek, then comes the tug of war.
两雄相争,其斗必烈。
it is an ill wind that blows nobody good.
对人人都有害的事儿,天下少有。 (不宜直译“不给任何人带来好处的风的确是恶风。”)
五、英语习语翻译的注意点。
一)切忌望文生义。
pull somebody’s leg 愚弄人,开某人的玩笑。不是:拉后腿。
move he**en and earth 竭尽全力;不遗余力,想法设法。不是:翻天覆地、惊天动地。
child’s play简单、容易的事情。不是:儿戏。
eat one’s word 承认自己说错了话。不是:食言(不履行诺言)。
dog eat dog 你死我活,残酷争夺的关系。
if a situation is dog eat dog, people will do anything to be successful, even if what they do harms other people.
in show business it‘s dog eat dog - one day you’re a star, the next you‘ve been replaced by younger talent. 不是:狗咬狗。
throw a sprat to catch a whale 吃小亏占大便宜。不是:抛砖引玉。
h**e the face 恬不知耻,厚脸皮。不是:有面子。
a miss is as good as a mile.
虽然只差一点点,但是总是没有达到目标;即使快要成功,还是没有成功。(a near miss is still a miss ; a near success is still a failure) we only missed the train by one minute? well, a miss is as good as a mile.
不是:失之毫厘,谬以千里。
二)谚语翻译要注意语言的艺术性。
一要注意用词的精练,二要注意上下两句的对仗。不能用过于随便的口语句子来翻译。
men may meet but mountains never.
山和山无法碰头,人和人总会相遇。(不要译成:人也许会相见,可是山头却不会。)
who has never tasted bitter, knows not what is sweet.
不尝黄连苦,怎知蜂蜜甜。(不要译成:一个从来没有尝过苦味道的人是不知道什么叫甜味的。)
count one’s chickens before they are hatched.
小鸡未孵出,急着数鸡数。(过早乐观)
empty vessels make the most noise. 瓶子越空,响声越大;一瓶子不响,半瓶子晃荡。
三)套译时,要特别注意民族性,避免使用民族性太浓的汉语成语来套译英语习语。
--is susan beautiful?
--she is anything but beautiful.
--how could our silly john fall in love with such a girl?
--why not? beauty lies in the lover’s eyes.
如果将斜体部分译成“情人眼里出西施”,中国读者看了译文不禁要问:难道外国也有个西施?还是这一对夫妇博学多才,也知道中国古代的西施?
为了避免这些不必要的困惑和猜测,最好改译为“情人眼里出美人。”
justice has long arms 天网恢恢,疏而不漏。
these stories of food riots may well be straws in the wind.
这些因争抢食物引起的**的传闻很可能就是要出事的苗头/征兆。
i’m fascinated by michael’s songs but i don’t like his performance. he was often dressed up like a dog’s dinner.
我对迈克尔的歌曲很着迷,但我不喜欢他的表演。他总是穿得花里胡哨的。
to ride the tiger. 骑虎难下。 a snake in the grass. 奸细,阴险**的人。
it’s an ill bird that fouls its own nest. 家丑不可外扬。
why did you say such things to him. you know, it‘s an ill bird that fouls its own nest.
to h**e ants in one's pants”就有“焦躁不安”“跃跃欲试”两种意思。
as soon as the stranger entered the room,he said to her,“fourteen hundred.”
那个陌生人一走进房间,他立即对她说:“当心外人。”从前规定英国交易所会员人数不得超过1399人,因此,第1400个人被认为是外人。
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