unit 3 the earth（语法篇）
一。可数名词和不可数名词。
1. 可数名词的用法。
1）可数名词有单复数之分。可数名词单数形式常为名词本身，且一般要在其前加冠词或其他限定词。单数可数名词做主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
eg：my name is alice.
2）名词负数形式一般是在名词词尾加-s（-es），具体变化规则如下：
大多数名词变复数时均在词尾加-s。如：ruler→rulers, book→books
以s，x，ch，sh结尾的在词尾加-es。如：watch→watches
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-es。如：family→families，strawberry→strawberries
以f，fe结尾的，变y为i，再加-es。如：knife（小刀）→knives，wife→wives
以o结尾的，一般来说加-s。如：zoo→zoos，photo→photos；也有单词加-es，如：
tomato→tomatoes，potato→potatoes，hero→heroes
2.不可数名词的用法。
不可数名词不能计数，一般没有复数形式，也不能用不定冠词a/an或数词one直接修饰。它包括物质名词和抽象名词。不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
eg：this is glue.这是胶水。
二。there be句型。
there be句型表示其地或某时有某物。there是引导词，本身无实际意义；be是谓语动词，be后的名词是真正的主语。其句式变化见下表：
实践才是硬道理：
一。 单项选择。
1. —are there any maps on the wall
a. there are some. b. yes, there is. c. yes, there is one. d. no, there are.
2. how many __are there in the picture?
a. woman b. women c. boy d. milk
3. there on the wall .they are very beautiful.
a. are photoes b. are photos c. is a photo d. is photos
4. there are four and twoin the group.
a. japanese, germen b. japaneses, germen c. japanese, german d. japanese, germans
5. the boys h**e got already.
a. two bread b. two breads c. two pieces of bread d. two piece of bread
6. the old man wants
a. six boxes of apples b. six boxes of apple c. six box of apples d. six boxs of apples
7. there some in the river.
a. is, fish b. are, fishs c. is, fishs d. are, fish
8. we should clean twice a day.
a .our tooth b. our tooths c. teeth d. our teeth
9. themeeting room is near the reading room.
a. teacher b. teacher’s c. teachers’ d. teachers
10. in britainare all painted red.
a. letter boxes b. letters boxes c. letter box d. letters box
11. there arebirds in that big tree.
a. hundreds of b. five hundreds of c. five hundred of d. hundred of
12. there two bowls of rice on the table.
a. is b. h**e c. has d. are
13. there not milk in the cup on the table.
a. are, many b. are, much c. is, many d. is, much
14. there is some on the table.
a. apple b. orange c. cake d. sandwich
15. there isn't __***** in the box. will you go and get some for me?
a. any b. some c. a d. an
16. how many __are there in your classroom?
a. desks b. desk c. chair d. door
17. there __something wrong with our classroom.
a. are b. has c. is d. h**e
18. _any flowers on both sides of the street ?
a. is there b. are there c. has d. h**e
19. therea football match on tv this evening.
a. will h**e b. is going to be c. has d. is going to h**e
20. there __an apple and ten bananas in the basket. you can take any of them.
a. are b. is c. has d. h**e
二．完形填空。
bruce likes playing 1 a river. but there 2 a river near his new house. he is not very happy.
one day, he asks 3 mother,“ 4 a river near here?”“no, there 5 ”,his mother says, “but 6 new house has a garden? ”i don’t like 7 ”says bruce.
one morning, his mother says “ 8 is a beautiful park near here. bruce, and there 9 two pools in it. we’ll go there this afternoon.
” bruce is very happy.
after lunch, bruce and his mother 10 the park, and he plays in one of the pools. he has a very good time.
) atb. toc. ind. from
) isn’t b. isc. aren’td. are
) herb. hisc. ourd. their
) there is b. are there c. there are d. is there
) isn’t b. isc. aren’td. are
) your b. myc. ourd. us
) you b. mec. themd. it
) they b. itc. thisd. there
) isb. arec. isn’td. aren’t
) go to b. comes to c. tod. come
三。 阅读理解。
it seems to us that the earth stands quite still (静止的). but it is really moving all the time. it turns around a make-believe line through its center.
we call this make-believe line the earth's axis (地轴). the two ends of the earth's axis are called its poles (极). the earth tr**els twenty-four hours around its axis once.
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