第五讲 analysis of grammar
重点语法解析)
there be 句型归纳与练习。
1、知识精讲：
1. 定义：there be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。
2. 结构：
1) there is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 + 地点状语。
there is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。
there is some juice in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些果汁。
2) there are + 复数名词 + 地点状语。
there are many foreigners in our country.
在我们国家有很多外国人。
there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语(某人或某物)的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致，即“就近原则”。
例：there is a teacher and many students in our classroom.
there are many students and a teacher in our classroom.
我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
there are two boys and a girl under the tree.
树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。
3. there be句型与h**e的区别：
(1) there be 句型和h**e都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：
there be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；
h**e表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。例：
① he has two sons.他有两个儿子。
② there are two men in the office.办公室里有两个男人。
(2) 当h**e表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，there be 句型与其可互换。
例：a week has seven days.
there are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。
变脸一：否定句
there be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可。 注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n.
相当于no+ n.。例如：
there are some pictures on the wall.
there aren't any pictures on the wall.
there are no pictures on the wall.
there is a bike behind the tree.
there isn't a bike behind the tree.
there is no bike behind the tree.
变脸二：一般疑问句
there be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可，此为"调整法"。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。
看看下面两句是如何"改头换面"的吧：
there is some water on mars. →is there any water on mars?
there are some pears in the basket. →are there any pears in the basket?
变脸三：特殊疑问句
there be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化：
对主语提问：当主语是人时，用"who's + 介词短语？"；当主语是物时，用。
"what's + 介词短语？"。
注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：
there are many things over there. →what's over there?
there is a little girl in the room. →who is in the room?
对地点状语提问：提问地点用"where is / are + 主语？" 例如：
there is a computer on the desk. →where is the computer?
there are four children on the playground.
→where are the four children?
对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：
how many + 复数名词 + are there + 介词短语+？
how much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语+？
there be" 结构用法小结顺口溜：
there be句型有特点，主语放在be后边；
变疑问，很简单，把be提到there前。
变否定，也不难，be的后面not添；
肯定句中用some, 疑问、否定any换。
多个主语并列时， be随第一主语变；
介词短语表地点，"有"表"存在"记心间。
there be，主语前，h**e/has主语后面站；
h**e/has表"所有"，there be表"存在", 区别牢记在心间。
二、知识精练：
一）、用there be 或h**e/has填空。
1. this deskfour legs.
2some books on the desk.
3. everyonea dictionary(字典) in my class.
4没有) knives in the room.
5. ia new sweater.
6some flowers and a desk in the room.
7nothing in the bag.
8. theysomething to eat.
9. what does mike
10any books in the bookcase?
11. my fathera story-book.
12a story-book on the table.
13any flowers in the vase?
14. how many studentsin the classroom?
15. my parentssome nice pictures.
16some maps on the wall.
17a map of the world on the wall.
18. d**ida telescope.
19. d**id’s friendssome tents.
20many children on the hill.
2）、选择填空。
1. -are there any maps on the wall
a. there are someb. yes, there is.
c. yes, there is oned. no, there are.
2. how many __are there in the picture?
a. woman b. women c. buy d. milk
3. there aren’t __trees near the house. there is only one.
a. any b. somec. many d. much
4. theretwo bowls of rice on the table.
a. isb. h**ec. has d. are
5. -are there __houses near the river?
-yes, there are___
a. some, someb. any, some
c. any, anyd. some, any
三）、句型转换。
1. there is a woman near the house. (变复数。
2. there are some buses near the hill. (变单数)
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