unit 5、动词时态（1）
一、动词时态概况。
二、十六种时态的谓语形势。
常用的八种时态用法：
一、一般现在时：
概念：经常、反**生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
常与以下时间状语连用：
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…),once a week, etc.
基本结构：①be动词（am，is，are）；否定形式：am/is/are+not; 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；
行为动词(除主语是单数第三人称外，谓语动词用原型，主语是单数第三人称时则谓语动词要用变成单数第三人称形式，即在词尾加s或es)；否定式在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
例如：the train arrives at five past eight and le**es at ten past eight.
they read english every day. 他们每天读英语。
liping plays volleyball every sunday. 他们每周星期天都打排球。
we h**e four english listens every week.
二、一般过去时：
概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…),in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本结构：①be动词；否定形式：①was/were+not; 一般疑问句： was或were放于句首。
②行为动词（动词用过去式，即在词尾加ed）；否定形式：在行为。
动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词；一般疑问句：用助动词do的。
过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。
he wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。
i saw this film yesterday.
they played football yesterday.
三、现在进行时：
概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本结构：am/is/are+doing
否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
listen！she is singing an english song.听，她正在唱英语歌。
they are learning english in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。
they are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。
we are ****** model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。
四、过去进行时：
概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构：was/were+doing
否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
i was doing my homework at that time.
she was reading when the teacher came into the classroom.
we were sweeping the floor at this time yesterday.
五、现在完成时：
概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语：recently, lately, since…，for…,in the past few years, etc.
基本结构：h**e/has + done
否定形式：h**e/has + not +done.
一般疑问句：h**e或has。
例如：mary has been ill for three days.
i h**e lived here since 1998.
he has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。
he hasn't come back yet. 他还没有回来。
六、过去完成时：
概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本结构：had + done.
否定形式：had + not + done.
一般疑问句：had放于句首。
she said she had already finished her homework.
we had seen the film before.
i had learned english for twelve years by the end of last year.
七、一般将来时：
概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本结构：①am/is/are/going to + do；②will/shall + do.
否定形式：①am/is/are/ +not going to do; ②在行为动词前加will/shall +not do；一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。
we are going to h**e a meeting to discuss the matter this evening. 今天晚上开会讨论这件事情。
look at the black clouds over there. i think it is going to rain soon. 看一看那边的乌云，我想天要下雨了。
there is going to be an english evening this week. 本周要举行一个英语晚会。
what shall we do if he doesn’t come? 如果他不来，我们该怎么办？
will you be free this evening? 今天晚上有空吗？
八、过去将来时：
概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本结构：①was/were/going to + do；②would/should + do.
否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do;
would/should + not + do.
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②would/shoud
she said she was going to start at once.她说她将立即出发。
i was told that he was going to return home.有人告诉我他准备回家。
he said he would come to see me.他说他要来看我。
he told me he would go to beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。
i didn't know when she would come. 我不知道她什么时候来。
exercises:
i．在横线上填上合适的词：
1． i'll h**e to __turn) off the computer as soon as my parents___get）home．
2．look at the big chimney（烟囱）, the he**y smokepollute) our air．
3．__itrain）when school was over yesterday？
4．--you are le**ing your school. how do you like it?
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