英语共有16 种时态，下面介绍10种常用基础时态。
1．一般现在时。
1.1 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，谓语除第三人称单数需要在动词后加 -s ，其余人称用动词原形。该时态常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如：
every day, sometimes, always, never 等。
例如： we get up at six every morning. 我们每天早上六点钟起床。
1.2 表示客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。（谓语动词形式同上）
例如： the earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
1.3 表示格言或警句中。
例如： pride goes before a fall. 骄必败。
1.4 表示现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
例如： i don't want so much. 我不想要这么多。
mr. wang writes good english but does not speak well. 王先生的英文写得很好但他说不好。
注意］：在宾语从句中，如果从句表示客观真理或事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例如： columbus proved that the earth is round.. 哥伦布证明了地球是圆的。
2．一般过去时
表示在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。动词用过去式：规则动词的过去式是在原形动词后加 -ed ；不规则动词的变化需要记忆。
该时态常跟有一个表示过去时间的状语，如： yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 等，或由 when, while 等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句。
例如： when i was a child, i often played football in the street.
我小的时候经常在街上踢足球。
she died ten years ago.
她十年前就去世了。
注意］ ：used to / be used to
used to + do ： 过去常常 " 表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。
mother used not to be so forgetful.
scarf used to take a walk. (过去常常散步 )
be used to + doing ： 对 ……已感到习惯，或 " 习惯于 " to 是介词，后需加名词或动名词。
he is used to a vegetarian diet.
scarf is used to taking a walk.( 现在习惯于散步 )
典型例题 ---your phone number again? i __quite catch it.
---it's 69568442.
a. didn't b. couldn't c. don't d. can't
答案 a. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
3．一般将来时
3.1 表示相对于讲话时间将要发生的动作或情况。该时态常跟有表示将来的时间状语，如：
soon, next week, tomorrow 等。谓语动词的形式是 shall/will+ 动词原形。 shall 用于第一人称， will 可用于各种人称。
例如： which paragraph shall i read first ？我应该先读哪一段？
next month, my sister will be twenty-one. 下个月我妹妹将是 21 岁了。
3.2 be going to 表示打算要做的事情
例如： what are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你准备干什么？
3.3 be to do 表示按计划要发生的事情
例如： we are to discuss the report next saturday. 我们计划下周日讨论这个报告。
3.4 be about to 表示马上做某事
例如： he is about to le**e for beijing. 他马上要去北京了。
注意］ be about to 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。
4．现在完成时
由 h**e (has) +过去分词构成，其用法是：
4.1 过去发生的但对现在造成一定影响的动作，可以不用时间状语，也可和表示过去的时间状语连用，常见的有 already, yet, never, before 等。
例如：i h**e been to hong kong many times. 我去过香港很多次。
they h**e already published the results of their experiments. 他们已经发表了实验结果。
4.2 表示从过去某时间开始一直延续到现在（可能还要继续下去）的动作，常用于含有延续意义的动词，并且一般要跟一个表示一段时间的状语，例如： since, for two years, so far, in recent years 等。
例如：he has lived here since 1949. 自从 1949 年以来，他一直住在这儿。
he has learned english for about two years. 他学英语已经大约两年了。
4.3 比较过去时与现在完成时。
1 ）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2 ）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语 :
yesterday, last week, …ago, in1980, in october, just now, 具体的时间状语。
共同的时间状语 :
this morning, tonight, this april, now, once, before, already, recently, lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
3 ）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有 come, go, le**e, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。 举例：
i saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。）
i h**e seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
who hasn't handed in his *****? （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
she has returned from paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。
she returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。
he has been in the league for three years. (在团内的状态可延续 )
he has been a league member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续 )
he joined the league three years ago. (三年前入团， joined 为短暂行为。 )
i h**e finished my homework now.
--will somebody go and get dr. white?
--he's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960 ）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
错）tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
对）tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
4.4 用于现在完成时的句型。
1 ）it is the first / second time…. that… 结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
it is the first time that i h**e visited the city.
it was the third time that the boy had been late.
2 ）this is the… that… 结构， that 从句要用现在完成时 .
this is the best film that i've (ever) seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
this is the first time (that) i've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
典型例题 1) -do you know our town at all?
--no, this is the first time i __here.
a. was b. h**e been c. came d. am coming
答案 b. this is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选 b 。
2) -h**e you __been to our town before?
--no, it's the first time i __here.
a. even, come b. even, h**e come c. ever, come d. ever, h**e come
答案 d. ever 意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为 never ，此两词常用于完成时。 this is the largest fish i h**e ever seen.
it is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
注意]: 非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
错）i h**e received his letter for a month.
对）i h**en't received his letter for almost a month.
4.5 比较 since 和 for
since 用来说明动作起始时间，for 用来说明动作延续时间长度。
i h**e lived here for more than twenty years.
i h**e lived here since i was born..
my aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.
some new oilfields h**e been opened up since 1976.
i h**e known xiao li since she was a little girl.
my brother has been in the youth league for two years.
i h**e not heard from my uncle for a long time.
注意]: 并非有 for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
i worked here for more than twenty years.
我现在已不在这里工作。)
i h**e worked here for many years.
现在我仍在这里工作。)
小窍门：当现在完成时 + 一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。
1) (对 ) tom has studied russian for three years.
tom began to study russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2) (错 ) harry has got married for six years.
harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 harry got married six years ago. 或 harry has been married for six years.
4.6 since 的四种用法。
1) since + 过去一个时间点( 如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six) 。
i h**e been here since 1989.
2) since + 一段时间 + ago
i h**e been here since five months ago.
3) since + 从句
great changes h**e taken place since you left.
considerable time has elapsed since we h**e been here.
4) it is + 一段时间 + since 从句
it is two years since i became a college student.
4.7 延续动词与瞬间动词。
1) 用于完成时的区别。
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
he has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果 )
i've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。 (表经历 )
2) 用于 till / until 从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示 " 做 ……直到 ……瞬间动词用于否定句，表示 " 到 ……才 ……
he didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到 10 点才回来。
he slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到 10 点。
典型例题 1. you don't need to describe her. i __her several times.
a. had met b. h**e met c. met d. meet
答案 b. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次， several times 告知为反**生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
2.--i'm sorry to keep you waiting.
--oh, not at all. i __here only a few minutes.
a. h**e been b. had been c. was d. will be
答案 a. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。
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