知识点一：定语从句的概念。
1、 定语：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。
例题讲解：you are a beautiful girl.（修饰girl）
he is a kind man.(修饰man)
i am an english teacher.（修饰teacher）
2、 从句：由连词引导的一个句子。
定语从句在句子中作定语，用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者代词。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
3. 先行词和引导词。
被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫做先行词；在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做引导词。引导词语可分为“关系代词”和“关系副词”。
例题讲解：the girl sitting here is my sister.
the girl who is sitting here is my sisiter.
this is the mountain village (which) i visited last year.
i'll never forget the days (which) i spent in the countryside.
知识点二：. 关系代词。
（九九归一）关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
关系副词有：when, where, why。
<>注意：关系副词里面没有how。如果要修饰方式，用that或in which引导，或者不用引导词。
i don’t like the way (that, in which) he eyed me. 我不喜欢他看我的那个样子。
限制性定语从句。
1、关系代词：that
that多用来指物，有时也可以用来指人；在从句中作主语或宾语。
指物的时候多用that，也可用which。
例题讲解：it’s a question that (which) needs careful consideration.
这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。（指物，作为主语。）
who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree?
树下那个在看杂志的那个人是谁？（指人，作为主语。）
the girl (that) we saw yesterday is tom’s sister.
我们昨天看到的那个女孩是汤姆的妹妹。（指人，作宾语，可省略。）
2、关系代词：which
which指物，在从句中作为主语或宾语，作宾语时在非正式语体中可以省略。
例题讲解：they needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.
他们需要一种不像水稻那么需要水的作物。（主语）
the farm (which) we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of beijing.
我们昨天参观的农场位于北京郊区。（作宾语，可省略。）
3、that vs which
在以下的情况中，只能用that作引导词，而不能用which作引导词。
1）. 先行词为all , everything, anything, nothing, little等不定代词时。
all that she lacked was training. 她所缺少的是训练。
everything等为先行词时，引导词可以省略。
h**e you everything you need? 你要的东西都有了吗？
is there anything i can do for you? 有什么事要我做吗？
all you h**e to do is to press the button. 你所要做的就是按一下电钮。
2）. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
this is the best film that i h**e ever seen. 这是我看过的电影中最好的一部。
3）. 先行词被序数词修饰时。
this is the first book that i bought myself.
4）. 先行词中既有人又有物时。
they talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.
他们谈论他们参观过的那些学校和老师们。
5）.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。
which is the bike that you lost?who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.
6）.如有两个定语从句，其中一个已用which引导，另一个宜用that .edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before
7）.在there be句型中，只用 asked for the latest book (that) there is on the subject.
8)当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。
this is the very book that i lost yesterday.
只能使用which的情况。1）非限制性定语从句中。 mary has a book, which is very precious.
2）在介词之后。 this is a house in which lives an old man.3）当主句中的主语被that修饰时。
that dog which i found in the street belongs to mary.
课堂练习：1. who’s the comrade __you just shook hands with?
2. the newly built café,the walls of___are painted light green,is really a peaceful place for us,specially after hard work.
3. he talked about the teachers and schools __he had visited.
4. he is the only man __i can find for the work.
5．ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a t-shirt,__is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
6. you must watch carefully everything __the teacher does in class.
7. this is one of the most exciting football games __i h**e ever seen.
4.、关系代词：who
关系动词who在从句中主要作为主语，在非正式语体里who还可以作从句中的宾语。
he is the man who wants to see you. 他就是想要见你的那个人。（who在句中作为主语）
succeed will come to him who is honest and diligent. 成功将归于诚实而勤奋的人。
5、 关系代词：whom
例题讲解：he is the man whom i saw in the park yesterday.
他就是我昨天在公园里见到的那个人。（whom在从句中作宾语）
作宾语用的引导词可以省略，因此上面的句子可以改写如下：he is the man i saw in the park yesterday.
课堂练习：用适当的关系代词that， which， who， whom填空。
1. the first thing __you must do is to h**e a meal.
2. april 1st is the day __is called april fool’s day in the west.
3. the family __had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4. the house __we live in is very old.
5. didn’t you see the man __i talked with just now？
6.、关系代词：whose用来指人或物（只能用作定语， 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。
例题讲解：they rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人车坏了，他们跑过去帮忙。
please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
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