初中定语从句讲解。
一：什么是定语从句呢？修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 句子。
the man who lives next to us is a policeman.
关系词关系代词： 指物：that which 指人：who (主/宾格) that whom（宾格）
关系副词： when, where, why
who / that 作主语。 (不能省)
this is the film star. the film star is very popular in china.
this is the film star who/that is very popular in china. (作主语)
1. the boy who broke the window is called roy.
2. do you know the man who spoke at the meeting yesterday?
3. the girl who is watering the flowers is my cousin.
who / whom / that 作宾语：( 可省略)
the man is a famous writer. he described the man just now.
the man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described just now is a famous writer. (作宾语）
1. the boy (whom) i ‘m looking for is my friend.
2. the thief has been sent to prison. the police caught the thief last night.
the thief (whom) the police caught last night has been sent to prison.
小结：that－ 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。
which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。
who指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略，（常用whom）
注：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。
prefer a sandwich which/that（主语） is really delicious.
2. i prefer shoes which/that are cool.
h**e a friend who/that plays sports.
有时只能用 that , 不用 which, 常见的情况有：
1.当先行词是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing , everybody,nobody, everyone, no one 或被它们修饰时。
that’s all that i knowis there anything that i can do for you?
he answered few questions that the teacher asked.
2. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
that is the most interesting book that i h**e ever read.
the first thing that i should do is to review my lessons.
3. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same等修饰时。
that’s the only thing that i can do now. these are the very words that he used.
4. 当主句以 who 或 which开头时，定语从句的关系词用 that, 不用 which 或 who.
who is the girl that spoke to you just now? which is the pen that you lost ?
5. 先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.
the man and his dog that i always meet are standing by the gate.
6.当关系代词前有介词时，关系代词只能用whom/which
the things about which the teacher is talking are important.
作定语，表示所属关系。
the boy is my classmate. the boy’s father is a policeman
the boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.
child __parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤儿).‘
a. whob. whose c. who’s d. which
exercise 1 :用关系代词填空。
1. the boyis playing ping-pong is my classmate.
2. the e-maili received yesterday was from my sister.
3. i hate peopletalk much but do little.
4. the carmy father bought last month is very beautiful.
man __hair is white is his grandfather.
6. is there a studentfather is a business man?
7. this is the house inwe h**e lived for 10 years.
never heard of the people and thingsyou talked about just now.
exercise 2.
1. my father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things __they couldn’t remember.
2. say allyou know. there anything __i can do for you?
关系副词： when/ where/why
when 作时间状语：
will never forget the day. she was married on that day.
she will never forget the day when (=on which)she was married.
2. it was the year. the world war i broke out in the year.
it was the year when (=in which) the world war i broke out.
where 作地点状语。
i want to know the place. i was born there.
i want to know the place where (=in which) i was born
why 作原因状语， 其先行词常常是the reason.
why = for which that is the reason why(= for which) i’m late
i know the reason why he said it
1,1949 is the day __the prc was founded.
a. which b. when c. that d. on that
that the reason __you are for the plan.
a which b. what c. why d. for that
1,1949 is the day __the prc was founded.
a. which b. when c. that d. on that
4. is this the place __you were born?
a. which
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