主谓一致。
第一部分】知识点分布。
1.主谓一致应坚持的原则。
2.主谓一致中的语法原则(重点&考点)
3.主谓一致常考题型(重点&考点)
第二部分】主谓一致详解。
一、主谓一致应坚持的原则。
1.概念:所谓的“主谓一致”,是指谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
2.我们主要坚持三个原则。
1). 语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。例如:
tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。
they often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2). 意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
my family are h**ing lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。
3). 就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。例如:
not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.
不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
there is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、主谓一致中的语法原则。
1.分类:在语法原则中,我总结了三种:第一种:谓语用单数的情况。
第二种:谓语用复数的情况。
第三种:谓语可单可复的情况。
(一).谓语动词用单数形式的情况:
1.) 可数名词单数及不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数:
clothing,equipment,furniture不可数名词→单数。
2.) 当and连结并列的可数名词时,指的是同一个人、物、一副用具时时, 谓语用单数。
3.) 学科如politics , physics , maths, gymnastics等,以及书名、戏剧名、报纸及国家的名称等复数名词作主语,谓语用单数:
4.) 不定式、动名词或名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
注意:what引导的主语从句,谓语动词视情况而定。
5.)more than one +单数名词/many a +单数名词作主语/a +单数名词+ or two
6 .)each, every, many a ,no,分别修饰并列的主语时,7.) 时间、距离、**、度量衡的复数名词作主语时,谓语用单数。
8.) 主语为单数名词或代词,后面跟有 with, together with, along with,except, but, besides,in addition to,as well as, rather than, including, ,like 等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语动词用复数形式。
9.) one and a half+复数名词,谓语用单数。
二).谓语动词用复数形式的情况。
1.) 连接两个名词指不同人、事物时。
2. )what he says and what he does do not agree.连接两个相同的结构时。
3 .)表示成对物品的词 my trousers are under the bed.
注意当这类名词前有“量词+ of”来修饰时,谓语由量词决定。
4 )the +adj 名词化都是用复数。
5.) a number of +复数名词”作主语时,谓语用复数 the number of 用单数。
三).谓语动词单数、复数皆可的情况。
1.) every means has been tried.
例如: all means h**e been tried.
2.) 集体名词作主语时,视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数:
1.police,people等名词→复数;
2.family,class,public,population等名词做主语时.若看作整体时,谓语用单数;若看作个体时,谓语用复数形式。
3.) all,most,half,the rest of +a lot of/ lots of,a large quantity of + 名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由这些量词后的名词决定。如:
但large quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
4.) 分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
5.) 在“one of + 复数名词 + who / that”引导的从句中的动词用复数,但当one之前有the, the only等修饰语时,从句中的动词则用单数。如:
6.) a kind of/a sort of/a type of/a series of +名词作主语时,取决于这些词的单复数。
4. 就近一致原则。
1. 当两个主语由either ..or, neither ..
nor, not only...but also...whether...
or...连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致。
2. there be句型中,be动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
三、主谓一致常考题型。
1、由or, either...or...neither...
nor...not only...but also...
whether...or...等连接并列主语时,常采用就近原则,动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。
考例】(1)not only jim but also his sister __a few cities in the south since they came to china.[临沂市]
a.will visit b. has visited c.h**e visited d .visited
2)neither jim nor his cousins __to america, but __of them know the country very well.
a.h**e been;a11 b. h**e been; both
c has been; alld.has been; both
3)--thereno milk in the fridge. could you get some for me, dick?
--all right, mum. [福州市]
a. isb. arec. wasd. were
4)not only jim but also his sister __a few cities in the south since they came to china.[07临沂市]
a.will visit b. has visited c.h**e visited d .visited
5)neither jim nor his cousins __to america, but __of them know the country very well. [07年潍坊市]
a.h**e been;a11 b. h**e been; both
c has been; alld.has been; both
2、 the number of + 复数名词,主语是the number(数量),谓语动词用单数;a number of +复数名词,主语是复数名词,a number of作定语, 相当于many,谓语动词用复数。
考例】(1)look! there __playing with the tourists on yinhe square. (包头)
a. are a number of deerb. are a number of deers
c. is a number of deerd. is a number of deers
2)the number ofin our classfifty. (山东烟台)
a. student, is b. the students, are c. the students, is d. students, are
3、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
考例】as the sayingwhere there is a will; there is a way. "昆明市]
a. go b. goesc. going d. went
4、and连接的两个单数名词作主语。
考例】 trees and flowers __every year to make our country more beautiful. [陕西省]
a. is plantedb. was planted c. are planted d. were planted
5、表示时间、距离、金钱、体积或数字等的词语作主语且表示总量时,谓语动词用单数。
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