一学习目标。
1.了解语法一致原则。
2.了解意义一致原则。
3.了解就近一致原则。
4.了解分清主语。找准谓语法。
二考点解析。
考点一语法一致原则。
规则 动名词。动词不定式。主语从句。不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.
听**使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。
to love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world.
爱和被爱是这个世界上最大的幸福。
规则 主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with,together with,as well as,along with,besides,but,except,including,rather than等，谓语动词的人称和数与主语的人称和数保持一致。
my father，together with his workmates，has been to beijing.
我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。
规则。and，both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式，但是如果由and连接的。
两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词需用单数形式。
a famous writer and poet is to give a talk.
一位著名的作家兼诗人将要作一次报告。
规则 定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。在“it＋be＋
被强调部分＋that/who...强调句型中，be一般用单数形式。如果强调的是主语，that/who
后的谓语动词由被强调的主语决定。
it is i who am going to be a pilot.
是我将成为一名飞行员。
anyone who has questions to ask，please e to my office this afternoon.
有问题要问的人，今天下午到我办公室来。
规则 more than one/many a＋单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
many a desk and many a bench is to be taken out of the hall.
许多课桌和凳子将被搬出大厅。
every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。
考点二意义一致原则。
规则 集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的。
一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group，public，mittee，government，audience等。
the class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.
这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。
the class are doing experiments.
全班学生都在做实验。
规则 “分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词。
的数以及其表示的意义：all，some，half，most，the rest等作主语时，谓语动词单复数。
取决于主语实际表达的意义。
70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water.
我们星球的表面百分之七十都被水覆盖着。
规则 the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
the sick h**e been cured and the lost h**e been found.
病人已被**，失踪的人也都找到了。
规则 a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于。
of后名词的数以及其表示的意义。quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。
with more and more forests being destroyed，a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.
with more and more forests being destroyed，quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。
规则 a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为“许多”；
the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，意为“……的数量”。
a number of students h**e gone for an outing.
许多学生去远足了。
the number of the students is increasing year after year.
学生的数量逐年增加。
规则 表示时间。距离。重量。金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.
对于一个男孩来说，3 000 美元是一笔大数目。
考点三就近一致原则。
规则 当or，nor，either...or...neither...
nor...not only...but also...
not...but...等连接并列主。
语时，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.
不仅学生而且这位老师也喜欢听这种**。
neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk.
他父母和他本人都不是银行职员。
规则 在here，there置于句首的倒装句中，当主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与其邻近的。
主语在人称和数上保持一致。
there stands the teaching building between the two rows of trees.
教学楼在两排树之间。
there is a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box.
there are two pens and a pencil in the pencil-box.
文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。
分清主语。找准谓语法。
做主谓一致的题目时，由于在句子中，有一些主语容易受到别的词的影响，往往造成。
一些理解上的错误，如主语后面接with, together with，along with，but，as well as等。
短语时，谓语应与前面的名词保持一致，记住：谓语动词的单复词要和主语中的中心。
词一致。1)listening to loud music at rock concertscaused hearing loss in some teenagers.
答案 c [根据动名词短语作主语，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除两。
项，根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除a项。]
2)such poets as shakespeare __widely read，of whose works,however,some
___difficult to understand.
答案 a [主句中的主语应为poets，谓语动词用复数，其后的非限制性定语从句的。
主语应为some of whose works，谓语动词也应是复数。故选a。
三练习题。father as well as the three children __every sunday afternoon in winter.
going going
pollution, together with littering, _many problems in our large industrial cities today.
english teacher, as well as all the students, we can only improve our reading by reading widely.
that that with what what
4.（2015·湖南）itisimportanttorememberthatsuccess___asumofsmalleffortsmadeeachdayandoften___yearsofachieve.
certain number of tourists___plaining about the high acmodation price recently.
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