unit 6 how long h**e you been collecting shells? 导学案。
teacher: 管小娜第一课时。
学习内容：grammar：现在完成进行时。
重点难点：现在完成进行时的用法。
学习过程：一、 自主预习。
预习课本p99现在完成进行时的有关知识后完成以下练习。
现在完成进行时表示一直的动作。这一动作可能也可能并可能现在完成进行时有时也用来表示。
二、 合作**。
现在完成进行时的用法：
1．结构形式。
现在完成进行时是由“助动词h**e(has) +been+动词的现在分词”构成。
2.基本用法。
1)表示从过去某时开始一直延续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去的动作。它通常和“for+段时间”或“since+点时间(也可以是从句)”的时间状语连用。
eg: i h**e been waiting for a letter from my parents.
it has been raining for three hours.
we h**e been studying here since 2004.
2)表示从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时刻，可能刚刚结束的动作。
eg: she has been sweeping the street all day. she is too tired.
we h**e been waiting for you for two hours. we don't want to wait any longer.
3.常用句型。
1)肯定句：“主语+h**e(has) been+动词的现在分词+其他。”
eg: i h**e been sitting here all the afternoon.
he has been collecting all kinds of stamps since he was ten years old.
2)否定句：“主语+h**e(has) not been+动词的现在分词+其他。”
eg: they h**en't been meeting each other for five years. 。
he hasn't been teaching here these years.
3)一般疑问句：“h**e(has) +主语 + been + 动词的现在分词？”其肯定回答：
“yes, 主语 + h**e(has).”否定回答：“no, 主语 + h**en't (hasn't).
”eg: —h**e you been studying for the english test today?
yes, i h**e. /no, i h**en't.
has daniel been skating for two years?
yes, he has. /no, he hasn't.
4)特殊疑问句：“ 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句？”
eg: what book h**e you been reading recently?
how long h**e you been collecting stamps?
三、 达标练习。
i.单项选择。
1. how long h**e you been here?
a. stood b. to stand
c. standing d. stands
2. the student has been the novel since he finished school.
a. wrote b. writing
c. written d. writes
3. —hi, d**id! are you tired?
— yes, i am tired. i the classrooms for 4 hours.
a. am cleaning b. was cleaning
c. h**e been cleaning d. had cleaned
4. where h**e you been? we you everywhere.
a. h**e been looking for
b. has looked for
c. had looked for
d. has been looking for
5. —it for nearly a week. will it last long?
— no, it's reported that we'll h**e a fine weekend.
a. h**e rained b. has been raining
c. rainsd. rained
ii.句型转换。
1. he has been watching the interesting play for two hours. (改为否定句)
he watching the interesting play for two hours.
2. i h**e been learning english for two years. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
— you learning english for two years?
— no, i .
3. my brother has been collecting stamps for five years. (对划线部分提问)
has your brother been for five years?
4. the boy has been listening to the music videos since he was eight years old. (对划线部分提问)
has the boy been listening to the music videos?
5. she has been working in the hospital for six years. (对划线部分提问)
she been working for six years
unit 6 how long h**e you been collecting shells? 导学案teacher: 管小娜第二课时。
学习内容：sectiona (1a-2c)
学习重点：掌握重点句型，谈论人们做事持续多长时间。
学习难点：现在完成进行时的熟练掌握。使用for 和 since表达自己的爱好持续的时间，培养学生应用英语进行交际的能力。
学习过程：一、自主预习。
collection (vhow longa pair of skates滑冰鞋自从一双。
滑冰马拉松从我七岁的时候。
第一双滑冰鞋。
二、合作**。
任务1：完成1a.独立完成，进行小组交流。
任务2：完成1b.听录音，完成练习。
任务3：完成1c.自读1a**和1c对话，然后利用1a**进行pairwork,班内抽查。
任务4：完成2a，2b,。听录音，完成练习。
任务5：完成2b,学生两人一组进行对话练习。班内抽查。
任务6：grammar focus.小组讨论并总结section a的重点知识。
三、精讲释疑。
1. how long的用法。
how long有以下两个主要意思：
1）表示多长时间，主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问。
eg: how long did he stay here?
how long does it take to get to london from here?
2）表示某东西有多长。如：
eg: how long is the river?
2．since和for的区别用法。
(1) since表示“自从过去某一时间点以来”，后面接时间点，强调动作或状态。
一直延续到现在，一般用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。since后可接表时间的名词或名词短语，也可接一个时间状语从句。
eg: h**e you been talking with him on the phone since 6:00
(2) for表示时间的持续，后跟时间段。表示一段时间，多与带数词的名词连用，谓语需用延续性动词。
eg: i h**en’t been seeing a film for a long time.
3. a pair of 的用法
a pair of后所接名词主要有以下特点：
由两部分构成的单件事物，如trousers，glasses，jeans等。
eg: i h**e a pair of glasses.
a pair of your trousers is still at the cleaner’s.
包括两件东西并且习惯上一起使用的名词，如shoes，gloves，socks，earrings，chopsticks等。
eg: a pair of gloves is a nice present.
go and buy yourself a new pair of shoes.
注：a pair of 后面的谓语动词要用单三的形式。
四、达标训练
用since或for填空。
1. the wang family h**e been living in the neighborhood __october last year.
2. sarah has been sleeping9:00.
3. mike has been studying english __he was six years old.
4. i’ve been watching you __two minters.
5. i’ve been practicing the piano __10:30.
单项选择。( )1.—can i help you? —i’d like to buy___for my twin sons.
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