unit 1 how do you study for a test知识梳理。
1. how to swim 怎样游泳
不定式与疑问词连用:动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等疑问词连用,构成不定式短语, 与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。
如:the question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。
2. i don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。
i h**e nothing to say. i need a penand some *****写).
i don’t h**e a room to live in.。
3. 系动词不能独立作谓语,要和表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有:
look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持), kept等。 连系动词除be 和become 等少数词可接名词作表语外,一般都是接形容词。 如:
they are very happy. he became a doctor two years ago.
要点。1. by + doing 通过……方式如:by studying with a group
by 还可以表示:“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期间”、“用、”“经过”、“乘车”等。
如:i live by the river.
i h**e to go back by ten o’clock.
the thief entered the room by the window.
the student went to park by bus.
2. talk about 谈论,议论,讨论如:the students often talk about movie after class.
学生们常常在课后讨论电影。
talk to sb. =talk with sb. 与某人说话。
3. 提建议的句子:
what/ how about +doing sth如:what/ how about going shopping?
②why don’t you + do sth如:why don’t you go shopping?
③why not + do sth如:why not go shopping?
④let’s + do sth如:let’s go shopping
⑤shall we/ i + do sth如:shall we/ i go shopping?
4. a lot 许多常用于句末,多为动词后如:i eat a lot. 我吃了许多。
a lot of许多 ==lots of 许多常与名词连用 a lot of books
5. too…to 太…而不能常用的句型 too+adj./adv. +to do sth.
如:i’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了,什么都不想说。
6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。
①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。
如: he read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。
loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如:
she told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。
loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。
如: he does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。
7. not …at all 一点也不根本不如:
i like milk very much. i don’t like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。
not经常可以和助动词结合在一起,at all 则放在句尾。
8. be / get excited about sth.
be / get excited about doing sth.
be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋如:
i am / get excited about___to beijing.==i am excited to __to beijing. (go)我对去北京感到兴奋。
9. ①end up doing sth 终止做某事,结束做某事如:
the party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。
② end up with sth. 以…结束如:
the party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。
10. first of all 首先。
to begin with 一开始。
later on 后来、随后。
11. also 也、而且(用于肯定句)常在句子的中间
either 也(用于否定句)常在句末。
too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末。
i am also a student. 我也是一个学生。
i am a student too. 我也是一个学生。
i am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。
12. make mistakes 犯错如:i often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。
make a mistake 犯一个错误如: i h**e made a mistake. 我已经犯了一个错误。
13. laugh at sb. 笑话;取笑(某人)如:don’tat me! 不要取笑我!
14. take notes 做笔记,做记录
15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… 如: she enjoysplay) football. 她喜欢踢足球。
enjoy oneself 过得愉快如:he enjoyed他过得愉快。
16. native speaker 说本族语的人。
17. make up 组成、构成
18. one of +(the+ 形容词最高级)+名词复数形式 …其中之一 (作主语谓语动词用单数)
如: she is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。
19. it’s +形容词+(for sb. )to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事…
如:it’s difficult (for me ) to study english. 对于我来说学习英语太难了。
句中的it 是形式主语,真正的主语是to study english
20. practice doing 练习做某事如:she often practicesenglish. 她经常练习说英语。
21. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 decide not to do sth. 决定不做某事
lilei has decided to go to beijing . 李雷已经决定去北京。
22. unless 假如不,除非,等于“if not” 引导条件状语从句,用法同if.
本身就表示否定,引导条件状语从句,主句为将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
例:my baby sister won’t cry unless she’s hungry.=my baby sister won’t cry if she isn’t hungry.
如:you will fail unless you work hard.. 假如你不努力你会失败。
i won’t write unless hewrite) first. 除非他先写要不我不写。
23. deal with 处理 = do with 如:i dealt with a lot of problems.
24. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事
如:mother worried about her son just now. 妈妈刚才担心她的儿子。
25. be angry with sb. 和某人生气=be mad at 如:i was angry with her. 我对她生气。
26. perhaps ==maybe 也许。
27. go by (时间) 过去如: two years went by. 两年过去了。
28. see sb doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事强调正在发生。
see sb do sth. 看见某人做了某事, 看见某人经常做某事。
如: she saw him drawing a picture in the classroom. 她看见他正在教室里画画。
29. each other 彼此
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