启东中学2016届高二动词短语归纳。
1. amount to达到，总计达=come to /add up to; 有。价值，相当于，意味着，实际上是。
keeping what belongs to another amounts to stealing.
your words amount to a refusal.
i don’t think whatever they say amounts to much.
2. apply to 向…申请；适用于=go for
this rule applies to everyone here, so please listen carefully.
apply…to…把….运用于；把…抹在/涂在…上。
3. attend to处理，办理；照看，照料，接待（顾客）；注意倾听。
i h**e an urgent matter to attend to.
if you go out, who will attend to the baby?
if you don’t attend (to your teacher), you’ll never learn anything.
4. add to增添 the he**y rain added to our difficulty.
add …to…..把….加到….里 please add some salt to the soup.
add up加起来 every time i added these figures up, i got a different answer.
add up to(1)总计达….=come to / amount to / total(to)
(2)（总起来看）说明….,意味着……
the money he spent added up to more than $ 1000.
it all adds up to this—he is a fool.
add fuel to the fire/flames火上浇油，使事情更糟。
5. account for (1)=make up占比例（2）sb. account for sth.对…作出解释。
3）sth. account for sth…是…的原因。
6. allow for把…考虑进去，准备会有（某种情况）
we must allow for the train being late.
allowing for exceptions, the rule may stand.
7. break away(1)突然逃掉或离开 the man broke away from the policeman.
2)断绝往来，脱离，和…..决裂 he tried to break away from his family.
3)改掉（习惯），破除旧的规则等 i should break away from such bad habits.
break down (1)( 机器、车辆）坏了 we are sorry to arrive late, but the car broke down.
2)(计划、谈判等）失败，坚持不下去 all our plans broke down.
3)（身体）垮了，感情控制不住（哭起来了）
his health broke down./ she broke down and cried.
4)(谈话、通讯等)中断 the conversation broke down at this point.
5)分解、分化 after many years, rocks broke down into dirt.
6)（为便于理解、分析）分割。
to understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it down into parts.
break in (1) 强行进入，突然进来 he broke in and stole my money.
(2)插嘴，打岔 don’t keep breaking in when others are talking.
break into (1) 强行进入，破门而入 we had to break into the house as we had lost the key.
2)突然….，一下子…..he broke into songs.
break off (1) 突然停止，中断（谈话等）they broke off their conversation.
(2)断绝（关系），解除（婚约）she broke off with her best friend.
(3)停止（工作，休息一会儿）let’s break off (work) and h**e some tea.
break out (1) (战争、疾病、争吵等)突然爆发 (不用被动)
(2) 突然（大声…） he broke out laughing.
break through突破，打通，穿透 the crowd broke through the lines of police.
it was a cloudy day, but the sun at last broke through.
break up (1)驱散（人群）
the police broke up the crowd.
(2) 散（会）,（中小学学期）结束，停课放假（指较长的假期），散学
we break up on july 25th. after midnight, the party broke up.
(3)分开，分散，拆开（散） the two friends broke up.
what will happen to jim if his parents break up?
i broke up the candy and g**e each child a small piece.
break with和…决裂，和…断绝关系；破除陈规，改变习惯 (tradition/old habits/ideas)
8. build up（1）建设起来，发展起来，建立起来。
he has built up a good business over these years.
they h**e built up a good reputation（名声）.
（2）加强（力量），增强（体质）build up one’s strength / health / body / muscles
(3)积累，积聚 ,逐步增加；变得严重起来，（车辆）拥挤起来。
the clouds are building up.
the noise built up until mary couldn’t stand it any longer.
at easter, traffic builds up along the roads to the coast.
4)（用于被动结构）盖满房子the area has been built up.
5)捧（出名），通过广告宣传（使出名），为….大作广告。
don’t build me up too much. i may disappoint you.
the singer has been built up into a success.
9. burn down 烧毁，烧成平地=burn sth. to the ground a fire burned the house down.
burn out烧坏，烧空，烧完燃料 the factory was completely burned out.
burn up烧掉，烧毁，烧旺起来 he burned up all the old letters.
10. bring about引起，造成 this failure has been brought about by your own carelessness.
bring back 带回来，归来 if you go to the market, please bring me back some eggs.
bring down 击落，使降落，使倒下，打倒；使降低，使减少；使情绪低落，使沮丧，使泄气 even the failure didn’t bring him down.
the pilot brought down the plane.
the manager has agreed to bring down the cost of several goods.
bring forward提出=bring up, put forward
please bring the matter forward at the next meeting.
bring in (1)有收入，赚得钱(sb. /sth. bring in money)；收获（庄稼）
the deal brought in 30000 yuan. the boys are bringing in $60 a week.
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