高中英语定语从句和名词性从句讲解与综合训练（附答案）
2011-06-27 23:09:28|分类： grammar 语法 |标签： |字号大中小订阅
名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如：
宾语从句：i don’t know where he will go.
主语从句：where he will go is unknown.
表语从句：the problem is how we can get so much money.
同位语从句：we all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.
下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的：
1． whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意，（即引导宾语从句时if和whether
可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用whether（不用if）引导：
1） 引导主语从句，且在句首时。例：whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但。
it is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).
2） 引导表语从句时。例the problem is whether he can get a job.
3） 引导同位语从句时。例：i h**e no idea whether he will come.
4） 介词后的whether从句。例：i worry about whether i hurt her feelings.
2． 位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。
例如：that he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.
3． 在“it is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…＋
that从句”结构中，that从句谓语有时用（should）do这样的虚拟语气形式。
例如：it is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.
it is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one?s life.
it is strange that she should h**e failed to see her own shortcomings（缺点）.
4． 在“the reason why…is that…”句式中that不要误为because.
例如：the reason why he didn?t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.
5． 名词从句中that,what用法比较：
引导名词从句的that是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而what是连接代词，what＝the
thing(s) that.
例如：it was told in yesterday?s news***** that what the students had done was praised
by the factory.
i know that he will study.
i know what he will study.
that he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.
what he works hard at is known to us all.
all i ask is that you should tell the truth./he is not what(＝the person that)he
used to be.他和以前大不相同了。
6． where在名词从句中的使用特点：
where在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where”,有时可以变为“介词＋the place where” 形式。例如：
主从：where(＝the place where)she has gone is still unknown.
宾从：would you please tell me where(＝the place where) mr smith lives?
表从：your dictionary remains where(＝in/at the place where)you put.
同位从：h**e you any idea where(＝of the place where) she is spending her holidays?
7． 无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如：
i know where he lives./please tell me what her name is.
当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序（即“主＋谓＋（宾）”或“主＋系＋表”结构），将其变为间接引语（即宾语从句）时，无需改变语序。例如：
what?s the matter with him? she asked me what was the matter with him.
who looks after your grandfather? he asked me who looked after my grandfather.
名词从句考点分析。
1．they want to know __do to help us. (nmet)
a. what they can b. how they can c. how can they d. what can they
析：此题要选陈述语序项，故应排除c、d。又因how they can do不完整，do后无宾。
语，故也应排除，只有a项既是陈述语序，且what they can do完整正确地表达出“他。
们能做些什么”这一意思，故答案为a。
2．his teacher __he __bright and __he was worth teaching.
think;was;that
think;
析：观察题目，可知think后跟有and连接的两个并列宾语从句，这时前一个宾语从句的引导语that可以省略，但引导后一宾语从句的that不可省略，据此，可排除c、d两个选项。若选b项，全句意思不通，而选择a项可表达“他的老师认为他不聪明，不值得教”这一意思，且语法结构无误，故可定a是正确答案。
3．__is done cannot be undone.
析：do一般作及物动词使用，从题干看，需选一词作主语（逻辑上是done的宾语）。
而均是副词，不能作主语，故应排除。b项that一词只能在定语从句中作主语，不能在主语从句中作主语，也应排除。只有选what(＝the thing that),才能正确表述“凡是做的不可不做”这一意思。
4．take care __you don?t make mistakes in the coming exam.
that that what
析：take care是“注意”、“当心”意，后面可跟that引导的宾语从句来表达“当心。
不要…”意思，据此，该题应选d。
5．to his surprise,the umbrella was not __he had put.
place
析：观察题干，was not后是表语，根据where在表语从句中相当于in/at the place where,将其置于空白处则可表达“伞不在他当初放的地方”这一意思，而c选项缺少词，不可选。a、d项皆不合用。
6．__we can?t get seems better than __we h**e.
析：此题显然是要表达“我们得不到的东西似乎比我们得到的东西好。”这一意思，即“a seems better that b”结构，根据what＝the thing(s) that这一特点，将其置于两空白处正好可以表达出前者比后者好这一意思，故答案为a。
7．__we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
析：此题depends前的主语从句是一个不肯定的内容，在句首表“是否”意时，只能用whether,不可用if。故答案为b。
8．__they are most interested in is __they can produce more and better cars.
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