名词性从句精讲

发布 2021-05-20 07:18:28 阅读 2012

必修五 module 1-3(教师)

语法一:名词性从句。

一、概述。在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此,我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。

二、语序。当名词性从句要采用陈述句语序。

what we can't get seems better than what we h**e.我们得不到的似乎比我们所拥有的要好。

the photographs will show you what our village looks like.这些**将向你展示我们村庄的面貌。

he asked how much i paid for the violin.他问我花了多少钱买这个小提琴。

三、引导名词性从句的关联词。

1、that从句与wh-关系代词和关系副词引导名词性从句的区别。

连词that在从句中不作成分,不含疑问意义;而wh-连词在从句中作成分,且含有疑问意义。

it worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.

她的头发在变白令她有点担忧。(that在从句中只起引导词作用,不作成分)

what caused the accident is still a complete mystery.

事故发生的原因仍然是个不解之谜。(what在从句中作主语)

2、whether和if的区别

whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:

a. 引导主语从句并在句首时;whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.

b. 引导表语从句时;the question is whether she should h**e a low opinion of the test?

c . 引导从句作介词宾语时;everything depends on whether we h**e enough money.

d. 从句后有“or not”时;i wonder whether he will come or not.

四、主语从句(subject clauses)

1、概述。在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、、关系代词、连接副词等。

引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether,关系代词:who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever;关系副词:when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。

2、从属连词that,whether引导的主语从句。

从属连词that,whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句,它们在从句中不担任成分,不能省略。

that they will go is certain.他们去是肯定的。

whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否会来仍是一个问题。

3、it作形式主语引导主语从句。

如果主语从句太长,为避免句子结构头重脚轻,我们可用it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。that引导的主语从句可用it代替,that 不可省略。

用作it作形式主语的结构:

1)it is/was +形容词+that 从句。

it’s natural that… 很自然…… it’s obvious that … 显而易见……

it’s fortunate that … 幸运的是 it’s (im)possible…(不)可能……

it’s unlikely that… 不可能it’s strange that…奇怪的是……

2)it is/was +名词+that 从句。

it’s a pity that… 遗憾的是…… it’s a fact that …事实是……

it’s good news that…是好消息…… it’s a wonder that…不足为奇……

it’s a shame that…真是可耻……

it’s common knowledge that … 是常识…

3)it +不及物动词+that 从句。

it seems that… 似乎it happened that…碰巧……

it appears that…看来it turns out that…结果……

4)it is/was +过去分词+that 从句。

it’s not known that… …不得而知 it’s said that… 据说……

it’s reported that… 据报道……

it suddenly struck me (occur to me that… 我突然想到(感觉到)……

5)其他。it doesn’t matter … 是无关紧要的。

it makes no difference …毫无区别……

it is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯这样的错误是令人遗憾的事。

it's strange that he didn't come yesterday. 他昨天没来是很奇怪的。

it is reported that the number of wild animals in africa is decreasing.据报导非洲野生动物的数量正在减少。

4、由关系代词引导的主语从句。

1)关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等,引导主语从句时,它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语,不能省略。

whoever le**es the room last ought to turn off the lights.走得最晚的应当关灯。

what you h**e done might do harm to other people. 你的行为可能伤害别人。

5、关系副词引导的主语从句。

连接副词有when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引导主语从句时,它们在从句中担任状语,不能省略。此类主语从句可以转换为以it作形式主语的句子。

why he didn't come here is not clear to anyone.他为什么没来谁也不清楚。

where she has gone is not known yet.她去了哪儿,还不知道。

when they will start has not been decided yet. 他们何时动身还未定下来。

五、表语从句。

1、概述。用作表语的从句叫作表语从句,它位于主句中的连系动词之后。

2、由从属连词that,whether引导的表语从句。

that在引导表语从句时无词义,而whether有词义,意为、“是否”。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释,使主语的内容具体化。

the trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻烦的事是他丢了钱。

the question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。

3、由关系代词引导的表语从句。

关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句,在句中作主语、宾语、表语,关系代词不能省略。

the question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。

the problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。

that's what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。

4、由关系副词引导的表语从句。

i had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. that’s why i got wet through.

我们既没伞也没雨衣,这是我们淋湿的原因。

5、由连词because,as if/as though等引导的表语从句。

it looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。

it seems as if he didn’t know the answer.好像他不知道答案。

六、同位语从句。

1、概述。用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact,idea,news,hope,belief,thought,truth,doubt,suggestion,warning, instruction,reason,information, question等之后,对这些名词进行说明或解释。

2、由从属连词that,whether引导的同位语从句。

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