定语从句。
一．定语从句的理解：
概念：在复合句中修饰名词或代词、作定语的句子叫定语从句。
i know the girl. the girl is reading a book. (两个简单句)
i know the girl who is reading a book. （定语从句）
被修饰的词是这个词就称为先行词。通常位于定语从句前。
其中连接两个句子的是称为关系词。关系词在从句中指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的成分，观察上句，关系词在从句中充当。
this is the right book that you are
a. looking for itb. looking for
在定语从句中，关系词代替了先行词，因此在定语从句中不能重复先行词。
二、学会观察，总结规律：
一）关系代词。
二）关系副词。
关系副词相当于“介词+关系代词”
1. when 在定语从句中作时间状语， 相当于“介词+关系单词（which）”
i still remember the day when i first came to the school.
when = on / in / during … which (介词同先行词搭配)
2. where在定语从句中作地点状语， 相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”
this is the house where i lived two years ago.
where = in / at / on … which (介词同先行词搭配)
3. why 在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词 for +关系代词（which）”
do you know the reason why she was late?
练习：1. —what kind of music do you like?
— i like music __i can sing along with. c
a. whob. wherec. thatd. when
2. i still remember the park __we first metc
a. thatb. whichc. whered. when
3. the exact year __angela and her family spent together in china was 2008. d
a. when b. wherec. whyd. which
4. i am looking forward to the day __my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. c
a. which b. whyc. whend. where
5. please send me all the information __you h**e about the candidate for the position. a
a. thatb. whichc. asd. what
6. i borrowed the book sherlock holmes from the library last week, _my classmates recommended to me. b
a. whob. whichc. whend. where
三．that & which
一) 限制性定语从句以下情况只能用that
1 is there anything that i can do for you?
2 tell me everything that you know, please.
3 this is the best film that i h**e ever seen.
4 the first gift that i got from her was a watch.
5 he talked about the school and the teachers that he had visited.
6 do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
7 this is the very book that i want to read.
8 this is the same book that i want to read.
9 this is the last time that i shall give you a lesson.
10 this is the only thing that i can remember.
11 he stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.
12 shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
13 there is a seat in the corner that is still **ailable.
14 they secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.
二) 定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况：
1.在非限制性定语从句中。
crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .
more and more people are beginning to learn english, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which指代主句)
2. 当关系代词的前面有介词时。 (介词提前)
.a zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
is this the room in which mr. white lives?
在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词至于关系代词之前。
如：this is the pen (which / that) i’m looking for. (
this is the pen for which i’m looking for. (x)
3. 当关系代词后面带有插入语时。
here's the english grammar which, as i h**e told you, will help improve your english.
4. 先行词本身是that, 宜用which .
what's that which she is looking at?
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