定语从句讲解。
一．定语从句。
1.注意英汉差异：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，如： ①a beautiful girla lovely boy
是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面，如： ③she is the girl in red. 她就是穿红衣的女孩。
④.the lady carried a bag full of money. 那位女士背了个装满钱的包。
⑤.he is the man who you are looking for. 她就是你在找的人。
2.分清主句与从句，看究竟哪个句子缺少成分。
如上面第5： 主句：he is the man
从句：who you are looking for
在从句中，looking for 的宾语是the man.因此选用关系代词 who(whom)放置于句首，便是定语从句。
3.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略，故第5题可以写成：
he is the man you are looking for.
二．定语从句（从句部分）
1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语
2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后
those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.
3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词
1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。
数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。
2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：
①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
this is the place which is worth visiting.
②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
there are many places we can visit（them）in china.
4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词
关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose, as。
关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。
5、确定关系词的步骤
1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。
2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
一．关系代词which的用法。
1. english is a language.
it is spoken all over the world.
> english is a language which is spoken all over the world. 英语是世界各地都在使用的语言。
2. he looked for a car.
the engine of the car was in good condition.
=>he looked for a car the engine of which was in good condition.
3. where is the parcel?
we received it this morning.
=> where is the parcel (which) we received this morning今天早上我们收到的包裹在**？
二．关系代词that的用法。
1. he 's in love with a girl that/who has red hair. 他正和一位红发女孩谈恋爱。
2. baseball is the sport that/ which most boys like. 棒球是大多数男孩喜欢的运动。
三．注意that/ which区别：
在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which
1）先行词被形容词最高级修饰。
1. today is the coldest day (that) we h**e ever experienced. 今天是我们经历过最寒冷的一天。
2）先行词被序数词修饰。
2. the first thing (that) you h**e to do is to study mathematics.
你必须做的第一件事就是学习数学。
3）先行词中既有人又有物时。
3. the driver and the car that had fallen into the sea were quickly recovered.
掉到海里的司机和车子很快就被捞起来了。
4）主句中已有疑问词who 或 which 时。
4.1 who is the woman that was praised at the meeting在大会上被表扬的那位妇女是谁？
4.2 which is the picture (that) mary painted哪一幅是mary 画的画？
5）先行词被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of、the same、the very等修饰时。
5. li ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher. 李明是唯一一个想当老师的学生之一。
6）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。
6.1 all (that) he said was not true. 他所说的并非全是真的。
6.2 we h**en't got much that we can offer you. 我们没有多少东西能身你们提供。
6.3 my brother fixed almost anything that needed repairing. 我哥哥几乎修理了任何一个需要修理的东西。
（7）有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个宜用that.
7. edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
爱迪生办了一家工厂，生产过去从未见到过的东西。
在定语从句中，下列情况的关系词宜用which 而不用that
1) 可用于非限定性定语从句中，代替物、整个主句或主句中的一部分。
2) 可用于介词之后，即介词 + which (代物)。
that the man?
you lent the money to him.
is that the man (whom/that) you lent the money to那位就是跟你借钱的人吗？
is that the man to whom you lent the money ?(这里的whom不能被that代替)
2. the train for which i am waiting is now half an hour late. 那班我正在等的火车现在已晚了半小时。
3. this is the habit which you must try to do with. 这是你必须改掉的习惯。
（如果是固定短语，介词不能被提到关系代词前）
4．关系代词who/whom的用法。
1. this is the man with whom i worked. 这位就是和我一起工作的人。
2. this is the teacher who often tells jokes. 这就是那个常讲笑话的老师。
5．关系词who与that的区别。
关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词
1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。
2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。
3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。
who is that girl that is standing by the window?
4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。
6．关系代词whose的用法。
whose 是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。
1. he looked for a car.
its engine was in good condition.
> he looked for a car whose engine was in good condition. 他在找一部引擎状况好的车子。
7．what的用法。
重点：what = the thing(s) which
= all that
= anything that
1. the thing which i want is peace of mind.
> what i want is peace of mind. 我所析是心灵的平静。（经典口语句）
2. she told the detectives all that they wanted to know.
> she told the detectives what they wanted to know. 她告诉侦探们他们想要知道的所有事情。
3. i don't know what they were talking about.
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