定语从句。
专题眺望】
知能目标：
1 正确判断使用关系代词和关系副词。
2 表示所有格的whose和of which之间的转换。
“介词 + which”引导的定语从句及其与关系副词引导的定语从句之间的转换。
as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别。
as引导的定语从句的常见句型。
定语从句中谓语动词的数。
限定性和非限定性定语从句的含义、结构差别。
定语从句和其他易混淆句型（状语从句、主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、强调句）之间的区别。
命题规律：主要考查关系代词和关系副词的选择，which和as引导非限定性定语从句的区别，以及根据句子结构正确判断句子类型的能力。
知识结构】 关系词的作用及类别。
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。
关系词有两个作用：
1、引导定语从句。2、代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。
1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词， 数词， 人称代词也同样可作先行词。
2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：
①关系词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
anyone who breaks the law is to be punished.
those who are against the plan please sign your names here.
关系词在从句中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。错：there are many places we can visit them in china.
关系词有两类：
关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。
关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。
when 指时间 = in / at / on / during/…+which
where指地点 = in / at / from / which
why指原因 = for which
注意：1). 当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）
2). 当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。
i don’t like the way (that / in which / he talks.
this is the first time i h**e given you a lesson in french.
this is the reason why he was late. =this is the reason (that)he was late.
关系词的选用与判断。
关系代词和关系副词的选用取决于先行词及它们在定语从句中的语法成份。
确定关系词的步骤。
1）先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。
2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
那就是他工作的大学。
at which he works.
which / that he works at.
that is the college ┣ where he works.
he works at. （做宾语时，可省略）
②它出生的那一天是2023年8月20日。
on which he was born
which / that he was born on
the day ┣ when he was born was aug.20,1952.
he was born on做宾语时，可省略）
why he came late is not clear.
the reason┣ which / that he g**e is not acceptable.
he explained is not acceptable. （做宾语时，可省略）
注意定语从句中关系代词的省略与保留：
1).在限制性定语从句中which, whom, that充当宾语时，可以省略。
而在非限制性定语从句中whom, who, which 不能省略。
2).当and, but, or等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时，关系代词第一个可省略，第。
二、第三个等不可省略。例如：
this is the book (which) i read yesterday and which i found very interesting.
这就是我昨天读的那本书，它很有趣。
you h**e many people around you (whom) you always turn to and whom you will never forget.
你身边有很多人，你经常向他们求助，你永远不要忘记他们。
特殊的定语从句句型：
he stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.
重难点透析】
1. 只能用that 而不能用which引导的情况。
1)关系代词是everything，anything，nothing，all，little，few，much，any，some，none，the one等不定代词时 etc. (something作先行词时，关系代词既可用which 也可用that)
we should do all that is useful to the people.
do you mean the one that was bought yesterday.
2)先行词被the only，the very，the just ,the same，the last，all，any，some，no，few，little，much等修饰
the only thing that we can do was to wait.
you can take any seat that is free.
3).先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。
when we talk about hangzhou, the first that came to our mind is the westlake.
4)先行词是最高级或被最高级级修饰时。
this is the best that we can be done now.
5)先行词既有人又有物。
the director and his movie that you h**e just talked about is really popular.
6)先行词是由数词而形成的代词。
in face there are four of them. the two that you could see now survived the fire.
7)主句是there be结构。
he asks for a book(that) there is on the subject .(现有的。。。
l must make full use of the time(that) there is left to me.( 我要充分利用我的剩余时)
8)在双重从句中，其一已经用了which,另一个用that
he built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
9)先行词是主句表语，或关系词本身是从句表语。
china is no longer the country that it (what it )used to be.
he has changed a lot ;he is not the man that (who)he was.
10)主语是who/which开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复。
which is the car that hurt my son’s leg?
who that has such a house doesn’t love it?
2. 只用which而不用that的情况：
1) 介宾结构中：
is this the room in which mr. white live?
2) 非限定性定语从句中：
his dog, which was now very old, became ill and died.
3) 双重从句中，其一已用了that,另一个用which
what’s that which flashed in the sky just now.
4) 当关系代词后带有插入语。
here is the book which, as i h**e told you, will help you a lot.
3. 当先行词是人，只选who情况。
1) 先行词是(the)one,(the) ones, anyone, those，he, ect.
those who are not fit for their work should le**e office at once.
2) 当关系代词后带有插入语。
l’ll hire the man who they say is a good english teacher.
3) 当先行词后有较长的后置定语。
i met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak chinese very well.
高中英语定语从句
定语从句。一 概念。在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。the old man who whom that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.其中所饰名词即the old man 称为先行词，引导定语从句并在其中充当句子一个成分的词称为 如上句...
高中英语定语从句
定语从句。一 定语从句的理解 概念 在复合句中修饰名词或代词 作定语的句子叫定语从句。i know the girl.the girl is reading a book.两个简单句 i know the girl who is reading a book.定语从句 被修饰的词是这个词就称为先行词...
高中英语定语从句
定语从句。引导词都做成份。一看先行词，二看做何成份。1 which 在名词性从句中作定语，哪一个 指人或物，有范围。在定从中作主语宾语。只用 非限定性从句，引导词在介词后，定从修饰一句话。2 that 在n性从不做成份，在定从中作主宾，指人物。只用 先行词为不定代词，先行词有人有物，有不定代词修饰，...