高中英语语法讲解名词性从句

发布 2021-05-14 07:36:28 阅读 6851

名词性从句。

1.从句的分类。

形容词性从句,即定语从句。

状语从句(分9种)

从句主语从句。

名词性从句宾语从句。

表语从句。同位语从句。

2.说明:名词性从句的功能相当于名词,根据其在句中充当的成份,有不同的叫法。

引导名词性从句的词语主要有:

a. 从属连词that,无词义,不作句子成分;

b. 从属连词if,whether(是否)有词义,但不作句子成分;

c. 从属连词as if(=as though,似乎、好像)有词义,但不作句子成分;

d. 连接代词who,whoever,what,whatever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,how much,how many有词义,作成分;

e. 连接副词when,whenever,where,wherever,why,how,however,how often,how soon,how far,how long作句子成分。

在名词性从句中,要用陈述语序。

例】 don’t know where does he live.(false)

i don’t know where he lives.(true) 我不知道他住在哪。

life in the future will be like is unknown.(true)

what will life in the future be is unknown.(false)

不可用no matter who,no matter what等引导名词性从句,只能引导状语从句。

一、主语从句。

1.定义:若处在主语的位置上是个句子,那么这个句子就叫做主语从句。

2.注意事项:

a. 在主语从句中,任何引导词都不可以省去。

例】that her hair is turning grey worries her.

b. 在主语从句中,不用if,用whether。

例】whether he will come or not is not clear.(true)

if he will or not is not clear.(false)

c. 主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。若谓语动词为两个或两个以上时,则用复数。

例】 we will h**e a holiday hasn’t been decided.

we’ll go picnicing and how we will go aren’t clear.

d. 主语从句作主语时,习惯上用it作形式主语,而将主语从句后置。但由what,whatever,whoever引导的主语从句,没有这个习惯。

例】 very clear that the boy was seriously ill.

形式主语真正的主语。

uncertain whether we’ll h**e a meeting today.

hasn't been decided when they will le**e for(前往) new york.

e. 以it作形式主语,把主语从句后置的常见句型有:

it's certain/uncertain that……肯定…/不确定……

it's likely/possible/probable that… 有可能……

it's a pity/shame that很可惜/很遗憾……

it's no surprise that毫不奇怪/很正常……

it's said/reported/thought/believe that… 据说/据报道/大家认为/人们相信……

it happens that碰巧……

f. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,必须用it做形式主语。

例】 it true that the scientist will give us a lecture?

it matter much that they won’t come?

g. 主语从句的虚拟语气,常见句型如下:

it's a pity/shame/no wonder+that+主语+(should)+ v.…

it's requested/suggested/desired+that+主语+(should)+ v.…

it's necessary/strange/important+that+主语+(should)+ v.…

二、表语从句。

1.定义:若处在表语的位置上是个句子,那么这个句子就叫做表语从句。

2.注意事项:

a. 引导表语从句的任何词都不可以省(在口语中that偶尔可以省去)。

例】the truth is (that) i h**e never been there.

b. 在表语从句中,不用if,用whether。

c. as if(=as though)可以引导表语从句。

例】it looks as if it’s going to rain.

the girl seems as though she has cried.

d. 有争议的because:有的语法家叫之表语从句,有的则称之为强调句的省略。

例】—why was he late?

it was because his bike was broken.

e. reason不能和because连用,要用that代替。

例】the reason why he didn’t come was that he was ill.

三、宾语从句。

1.定义:若处在宾语的位置上是个句子,那么这个句子就叫做宾语从句。

2.注意事项:

引导宾语从句的that可以省,但若有两个或以上的that引导的宾语从句时,只可以省去第一个that,其后的不省。

例】i find (that) he is dishonest and that he often tell lies.

that引导的宾语从句位于句首时,不可以省去that。

例】that he ever said such a thing,isimply don’t believe.

if和whether在引导宾语从句时,可以互换,但在下列情况下不可以:

a. 与or not连用时,只用whether,不用if。

b. 宾语从句是否定句时,用if,不用whether。

例】i don’t care if it doesn’t rain.

c. 用if引导的宾语从句,如果会产生歧义,应避免使用if,而用whether。

例】please tell me if you intend to go.

上例中if翻译为“如果”、“是否”均可。

d. 介词后的宾语从句,只用whether,不用if。

例】it depends on whether it is fine tomorrow.

e. 与不定式连用时,只能用whether,不能用if。

例】i don’t know whether to go or not.

f. discuss后接whether引导的宾语从句,不可接if。

g. 将宾语从句放在句首时,只用whether引导,不用if。

例】whether he’ll come to the meeting tomorrow,i’m not sure.

如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语时,则需用it作形式主语,而将宾语后置,此时that不可省。

例】 thought it strange that xiao ming didn’t attend the meeting yesterday.

find it necessary that we should ask him for advice.

made it clear that anyone who broke the law would be punished.

介词后的宾语从句不可以用which来引导,用what或whatever。

例】 you sorry for what you h**e done?

emperor was pleased with what the minister had told him about the cloth.

always pays attention to whatever the teacher says.

在宾语从句中,时态要一致:

若主句是现在时态(一般现在时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时),从句可根据需要用在何时态。

例】 he is h**ing supper now.

he saw the film yesterday.

he will go to shanghai next week.

i think that he was watching tv at 7:00 last night.

he often goes to work by bus.

he has read the magazine before.

若主句为过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时),从句也要用相应的过去时。但客观真理、科学原理、格言等永远用一般现在时,不受时态要一致的规则限制。

例】 said he will come to see me next week.(false)

he would he will come to see me next week.(true)

he said he has been there.(false)

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