unit8 情态动词(should, ought to,had better)
一、重难点。
1.重点:1)情态动词无人称和数的变化。
2)情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"
3)个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气。
2.难点:ought to 和should 后接动词的完成式,即should\ought to h**e done, 表示“本应该完成某事但却没有完成,”表示遗憾或责备对方并没有完成。
二、精讲点拨。
一、should与ought to
1.基本用法。
1) 一般说来,两者可替换,只是ought to语气稍重。如:
you ought to [should] go and see mary. 你应该去看看玛丽。
2) ought to更多反映客观情况,表示因责任和义务或按道理应该做的事情。should则侧重表示主**法,某件事情适宜于这样做,属于一种良好的建议、劝说。如:
we ought to go and see mary tomorrow, but i don’t think we will. 明天我们按理应该去看看玛丽,但是我认为我们不会去(此句不宜用should)。
再对比下列句子,感受区别:
we should drink about eight cups of water a day. 我们应该一天喝八杯水。
we ought to keep our home clean and tidy. 我们应保持家里干净整洁。
you are his father. you ought to take care of him. 你是他的父亲,应该管他。
we should not use too many big words in our everyday speech. 在日常会话中我们不宜夸夸其谈。
3) 在公告、须知或条例中,出于礼貌,常用should. 如:
you should not run alongside the swimming-pool. 不准在游泳池边奔跑。
4)在很多情况下两者都可以用,只是语气不同。
you should do as he says. 你应当按他说的做。(出于良好愿望的建议。)
you ought to do as he says. 你应该照他说的做。(责成或敦促。)
2. should 与 ought to 有四种结构(肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句、简略回答)
拓展。ought to 和should 后接动词的完成式,即should\ought to h**e done, 表示“本应该完成某事但却没有完成,”表示遗憾或责备该事并没有完成。
you should h**e phoned tom this morning, but you forgot. 今天上午你本该给汤姆打**,但是你忘了。
选词填空。1. wehelp each other in our studies. (should / ought to )
2. sheh**e come to see me yesterday, but she forgot. (must / should )
3. youle**e your little sister alone, because she can’t take care of herself. (should / shouldn't )
4. youlie to your parents. (ought to not / ought not to )
5. parentstake good care of their children. (should / ought to )
2、had better
better的基本用法。
had better 意为“最好、应该”+动原,与情态动词should用法相似。
you’d better drink some water.你最好喝一些水。
we had better go before it rains.我们最好在下雨前就去。
better否定式: had better not+动原。
better疑问式:had … better+动原?
you’d better not disturb him.你最好别去打扰他。
what had we better do?我们最好怎么办?
注意:在否定疑问句或反意疑问句中可将not 与had连用。
3、巩固提升
1. 单项选择。
1).you __drive your car so fast. it’s very dangerous.
b. shouldn’t c. couldn’t d. mightn’t
2).a country has dreams. we teenagers __also h**e dreams.
with dreams and hard work, anything amazing can be created.
a. may b. must c. should d. can
3).it’s rather hot in the room. you’d better __the windows or the door.
a. close b. not to close c. don’t close d. not close
4)you’d better not __too much pressure __your children to study.
put, on b. to put, in c. put, on d. put, in
5).it’s raining outside. you __put on your raincoat.
a. had better to b. had better c. should better d. would better
2. 用should(shouldn’t)或ought to(ought not to)填空。
1) i told him that hetell the police at once about the thief.
2) hedrive so fast. it’s dangerous.
3) we should return the bag to him. wekeep it.
4) wesee the monkeys first. they are so lovely.
3. 完成句子。
1.)你不应该相信他说的话。
youwhat he said.
2. )我应该告诉你父母这件事,但是我不会的。
iyour parents about this, but i won’t.
3. )在仔细考虑好之前她不该立刻开始。
sheat once before thinking it over.
4. )我们应该早睡早起。
weearly and go to bed early.
5.)你必须在明天下午之前达到这里。
youhere before tomorrow.
6.)我们不应该随地扔垃圾。
wethrow rubbish everywhere.
7.)jenny 本应该要在今天做出决定的,但她到现在都还没有答复我。
jennya decision today, but she hasn’t answered me up till now.
8.)我们应该在课堂上做笔记,课后就可以复习了。
wein class, and then we __go over them after class.
9.)你最好安静一点。
yoube quite .
10.)你最好不要错过末班公共汽车。
youmiss the last bus.
4.句型转换。
1).we should wear uniforms at school.(变一般疑问句)
___you __uniforms at school?
2).you should help him with his homework.(变为否定句)
youhelp him with his homework.
3).he ought not to spell the letters in this way.(对划线部分提问)
what __hedo?
better go there.(变为否定句)
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