license 执照driver司机silly愚蠢的、傻的。
earring 耳环concentrate集中 volunteer自愿、志愿者。
local地方的 perform表演 primary初级的。
go out with their friends 和朋友一块出去。
part-time jobs 兼职工作。
driver’s license 驾驶执照。
get their ears pierced 穿耳孔。
choose one’s own clothes 选自己的衣服。
sixteen-year-olds 十六岁的孩子。
seem to 好像at that age 在那个年龄。
so do we 我们也一样get to class late . 上课迟到。
fail a test 考试不及格be strict with 对…要求严格。
the other day 前几天get to doing sth 着手做某事。
look smart 看起来整洁 concentrate on 关注…
be a good way to do 是…的好方法。
it’s a good idea for sb. to do 是…的好主意。
get noisy 变得嘈杂。
at present 目前。
h**e an opportunity to do sth .
有做…的机会。
be a good experience for sb. 对…来说是很有意义的经历。
take time to do things 花费时间做事情。
old people’s home 敬老院。
be sleepy 睏 after a long week of classes 上完一周课之后。
h**e friday afternoons off 周五放假。
语法内容:一。 被动语态。
1. “语态”表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语中有“两态”的说法,即主动语态和被动语态,本单。
元中反复出现的should be allowed 就是一个含有情态动词(should)的被动语态。
先看几个基本概念。
主语是动作的发出者为主动语态。
主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
只有及物动词才有被动语态。
2. 被动语态的构成。
the office is cleaned every day .
the office was cleaned yesterday.
compare active and passive:
动作的接受者the office成了句子的主语,就应该用被动语态。从上面的例句我们可以总结:
一般现在时的被动语态为:主+am / is / are (not)+过去分词。
一般过去时的被动语态为:主+was / were +过去分词。
如:butter is made from milk.
this house was built 100 years ago.
以前我们学过的was / were born 生于,就是一个被动语态。
born是个过去分词(bear)
-when were you born ? i was born in 1989.
如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者,句子后面需接by ~ 译为“被(由)…”
如:we were woken up by a loud noise .
我们被嘈杂的声音吵醒。
从上面例子,我们可以看出,现在进行时被动语态的构成为。
主语+is / am / are + being +过去分词。
再如:my car is being repaired now.
some new houses are being built near the park.
公园附近在建一些房子。
从上面例子,我们可以看出现在完成时被动语态的构成为。
主语+h**e / has +been +过去分词。
如:my key has been stolen.
my keys h**e been stolen.
i am not going to the party, i h**en’t been invited.
含有情态动词的被动语态。
情态动词+be+过去分词。
a note had better be left to him.
teenagers should be allowed to wear their own clothes
这里我们列举了几个主要时态,那么其它时态呢?
一般将来时主语+will +be +过去分词。
过去将来时主语+would / should + be +过去分词。
过去进行时主语+was / were + being +过去分词。
过去完成时主语+had + been +过去分词。
被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be动词后面的过去分词不。变。归纳:
肯定句:主语+be + 过去分词+(by ~)
否定句:主语+be not +过去分词+(by ~)
一般疑问句:be +主语+过去分词+(by ~)
特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by ~)
3. 被动语态的用法:
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁,不用by+动作执行者短语。
such books are written for children.
这些书是为儿童写的。
i h**en’t been told about it .
没有人告诉我这件事。
(2)强调动作的承受者,这时应用by短语。
the cup was broken by d**id.
(3)作客观说明时,常采用一种被动语态句型。
it’s / was said / believed / reported / that …
it’s reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake.
据报道,这次**中大约有三百人死亡。
4. 主动语态变为被动语态。
把主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是:
(1)把原句中的宾语变为主语。
(2)动词改为被动形式,即be+过去分词。
(3)原来的主语,如果需要的话,放在by后面,如果没必要,可省略。
注意事项:主动语态变成被动语态应注意事项。
从主动语态到被动语态的过程中主语、谓语动词、宾语都发生变化。
注意主格与宾格的变化形式。
注意主语的人称及数的变化对be动词带来的影响。
注意be动词的时态形式取决于原主动语态的动词时态形式。
5. 被动语态的几种类型。
(1)有两个宾语的句子的被动语态(直接宾语,间接宾语)
常见的接双宾语的动词有。
通常这种句子可以改为以“人”当主语;和以“物”当作主语的两种被动语态。
如:he g**e me a book.
-i was given a book by him. (以i做主语)
-a book was given to me by tom. (以物book作主语)
he teaches us english.
-we are taught english by him. (以人当主语)
-english is taught us by him. (以物作主语)
(2)含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态。
keep, make 三类的动词常常有宾语补足语,在被动语态中,宾语补足语位置不变。
we keep food fresh in the fridge.
主谓宾宾补。
-food is kept fresh in the fridge.
i saw him go into the office building.
-he was seen to go into the office building.
英语中有“十大动词”的说法,即feel , hear , listen , h**e , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ,这些词在主动句中,其后的动词不定式不加to,但变被动句时必须加to.
(3)含有短语的主动语态变被动语态。
不及物动词没有宾语,因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动。
词之后,其作用相当于及物动词,可以接宾语,因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时,不能去掉构。
成短语动词的介词或副词。
they take good care of my child.
-my child is taken good care of
他们把我的孩子照顾得很好。
i turned off the radio.
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