unit 1:how can we become good learners?
by+v-ing
“by+v-ing”结构在句子中作方式状语,常用来表示“以、靠、借助、通过、用(某种方法或手段)”而达到某种预期的目的。该结构常用来回答 how do you...之类的问题。
当 by 和表示交通工具的名词连用时,它与名词之间不用任何限定词,且名词用单数形式。
they often go to school by subway. 他们经常坐地铁上学。
by,in 和 with 都可以表示“通过;借助”。by 后接表示动作、行为的名词;in 表示“用某种语言;用某种材料”;with 后接表示物体或工具的名词。如:
you may send the book by post. 你可以通过邮局把书寄出去。
提建议句式。
what/how about +doing sth.?
如:what/ how about going shopping?
why don't you +do sth.?
如:why don't you go shopping?
why not +do sth.?
如:why not go shopping?
let's +do sth.
如:let's go shopping
shall we/i+ do sth.?
如:shall we/ i go shopping?
unit 2:i think that mooncakes are delicious!
第二单元的语法重点是:宾语从句;反义疑问句;表达“花费”。
宾语从句。that,if 和 whatever 引导的宾语从句:
宾语从句中连接词的选择。
1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句:that 在从句中无词义,不作任何成分,常可省略。如:
jenny said (that) she could finish her painting before supper.
i think (that) you are right.
2. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句:if 或 whether 引导宾语从句时,一般可通用,都表示“是否”。如:
i don't know if / whether she still works there.
i want to know if / whether there is a hospital in this street.
但在下列情况下,只能用 whether,而不能用 if:
1)在 whether ..or not 或 whether or not 结构中,不能用 if。如:
nobody knows whether or not it will rain.
2)在介词之后用 whether。如:
i'm interested in whether he likes english.
主从句时态的呼应。
当主句是一般现在时态时,从句可用各种时态;
当主句是一般过去时态时,从句常用过去的某种时态。
但当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时,即使主句为过去时,宾语从句仍然用一般现在时态。如:
he said he would spend his holiday in dalian.
our geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.
直击中考。2018.四川乐山】30.-thank you for telling me so much knowledge about nature.
don't mention it. _you h**e more questions,come to me any time.
反义疑问句。
肯定陈述句+否定提问。如:
lily is a student isn't she?
lily will go to china,won't she?
否定陈述句+肯定提问。如:
she doesn't come from china,does she?
you h**en't finished homework,h**e you?
提问部分用代词而不用名词。
如:lily is a student,isn't she?
陈述句中含有否定意义的词。
如:little,few,never,nothing,hard 等,其反意疑问句用肯定式。
如:he knows little english,does he?他一点也不懂英语,不是吗?
表达“花费”
动词,表示“花费金钱、时间"
spend...on sth.在某事上花费(金钱、时间)
spend...doing sth.花费(金钱、时间)去做某事。
如:he spends too much time on clothes.他花费太多的时间在衣着上。(花金钱)
he spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。(花时间)
2. pay 的基本用法是:
pay(sb.)money for sth. 花费钱(给某人)买。
pay for sth. 付……的钱。
pay for sb. 替某人付钱。
pay sb. 付钱给某人。
pay money back. 还钱。
pay off one's money. 还清钱。
如: i pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了 10元买这本书。
i h**e to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。
don't wory! i'll pay for you. 别担心,我会给你付钱的。
they pay us every month. 他们每月给我们报酬。
后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种:
it takes sb.+时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。
doing sb.+时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。
如:it took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车。
的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示”值”,常见用法如下:
sth. costs(sb.)+金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。
(doing)时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。
注意:cost 的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
如:a new computer costs a lot of money.一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
直击中考。1.【2015 湖南长沙】tom spent 200 yuan __this book.
2.【2015 广东深圳】it __me two days to finish the work.
3.【2015 天津】 _some of my free time playing basketball for my school team.
4.【2015 四川宜宾】 _300 for the bike.
unit 3:could you please tell me
where the restrooms are?
第三单元的语法重点是:宾语从句;语态;倒装句;程度副词。
宾语从句。连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句。
1. 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 等引导,不能省略。例如:
do you know who he is?
2. 由连接副词 how, where, when, why 引导, 也不可省略。例如:
i don't know where i can buy this kind of camera.
3. 宾语从句用陈述句语序,即:连接词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他。
4. 主句与从句的时态关系:
1) 如果主句是一般现在时,从句可以是根据情况所需要的任何时态。例如:
i don't know when she came here.
can you tell me when he will come here?
2) 如果主句是过去的时态,从句也应用过去时态的某一种。但若从句是表示客观事实或真理时,从句时态不受主句时态的限制,应用一般现在时。例如:
he told us why he would stay at home the next day.
the teacher explained how the earth goes around the sun.
5. 某些由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句可改为含“特殊疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构的简单句。例如:
can you tell me where i can buy this book?
can you tell me where to buy this book?
直击中考。1.【2017南昆明】33.—could you please tell me __
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