人教版就年级全册语法九年级语法

发布 2022-07-26 07:15:28 阅读 8862

九年级语法。

i 不定代词。

不指明替代任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词。

some, any, no, every加上-body,- one,- thing可以构成复合不定代词:

1) some-/ any-复合代词的用法与some/any的用法基本一致。肯定句以及期待肯定回答的疑问句中通常用前者;否定句和疑问句中通常用后者。

they saw something in the sky.

would you like something to drink?

i wouldn’t say anything.

2) 这些不定代词在句中可以做主语、表语和宾语。

everyone gets tired sometimes.

this is something you do before a test.

h**e you ever collected something?

3) 不定代词作主语时,当作单数看待。

everyone likes gifts.

everyone in our neighborhood is worried and everyone has his or her own idea.

4) 如果有定语修饰,定语应该放在不定代词之后。

i think i ate something bad at lunch.

pushy parents are nothing new.

动词。1. 过去完成时(the past perfect tense)

1) 过去完成时的构成。

过去完成时由“助动词had(用于各种人称和数)+过去分词”构成。

2) 过去完成时的用法。

2.动词不定式(the infinitive)

1)动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”有时可以不带to。动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语。

动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如:to read the news*****, to speak at the meeting等。

2)动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

注:作主语用的动词不定式常常被it替代,动词不定式(或短语)放在后面。如:

it is not easy to learn a foreign language.

it is really cool to realize your dream through great effort.

3) 动词不定式的否定形式。

由“not+动词不定式”构成。如:

tell him not to be late.

the policeman told the boys not to play in the street.

4) 动词不定式和疑问句连用。

动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when等引导的疑问句连用,构成不定式短语。如:

the question is when to start.

i don’t know where to go.

he showed me how to use s computer.

nobody told us what to do.

5) 不带to的情况。

有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to。这种动词有两类:一类是感官动词,如see, hear, watch, feel, notice等。如:

i saw the alien get out.

i heard him sing.

另一类是某些使役动词,如let,make,h**e等。如:

let him go.

they made the children work 12 hours a day.

3.被动语态(the passive voice)

1)主动语态和被动语态。

英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态(the active voice)和被动语态(the passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如:

bell invented the telephone in 1876.

the telephone was invented by bell in1876.

the local news***** interviewed him.(主动语态)

he was interviewed by the local news*****.(被动语态)

2)被动语态的构成。

被动语态有“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为联系动词时完全一样。

3)含有情态动词的被动语态。

含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。如:

the trees may be planted in spring.

the room must be kept clean.

teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.

4)被动语态的用法。

当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者,或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。如:

english is spoken in canada

iii定语从句(the attributive clause)

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如:

you said you couldn’t understand people who talked fast.

i like music that i can dance to.

上面两句中的people和music是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成分。

构伺法(word formation)

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