定语从句专题教案。
教学要点：1． 定语从句三要素及关系词的选用；
2． 只能用that或which的情况；
3． which和as的区别；
4． whose 用法及转形；
5． 介词+关系代词中介词的选用及位置(介词短语和动词短语)；
6． 定语从句中的特殊情况。
教学重点：1． 关系代词和关系副词在句子中所做的成分；
2． 关系代词which和 that 的区别；
3． 使用定语从句中应注意的特殊用法；
4． 真题分析。
教学难点：1． 如何判断及选用关系代词和关系副词；
2． whose 的用法及转换；
3． 介词+关系代词中介词的选用。
教学步骤。step1. 导入。
he is the man that/who wants to see you.
先行词关系词(在从句中充当主语)
定语从句（attributive clauses）
1. 定义：在主从复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2. 位置：定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词的后面。
3. 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫“先行词”。
4. 关系词（引导词）：引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。
改错：1. i’ll never forget the days that we worked together.
2. i’ll never forget the days when we spent together.
答案改为when 改为 that 错误分析：关系代词和关系副词使用混淆。
step2. 关系代词和关系副词的作用。
正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。关系词的选择完全取决于关系词在定语从句中所充当的句子成分。关系词一共有9个， 它们在从句中所充当的句子成分见下表。
用关系词填空。
mancame to our school is mr. wang.
childparents are dead is called tom.
you tell me the reason __you are late?
don’t know the boyyou talked with.
5. beijing is the placei came.
are the days __we used foreign oil.
答案 4.(whom/that/\)
提示：引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定。或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。
step3. 考点一：如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词。
1. i will never forget the day when i first went to school.
2. i will never forget the day which/that we spent in beijing.
3. the house which/that we visited is being repaired now.
4. the house where lu xun once lived is being repaired now.
实例分析：this the museum __we held the exhibition?
a. where b. thatc. on whichd. the one
this museum __you visited a few days ago?
a. where b. thatc. on whichd. the one
this the museum __you visited yesterday?
提示：先把以上句子变为肯定句。
例1变为肯定句： this is the museumwe held the exhibition.
例2变为肯定句： this museum isyou visited a few days ago.
例3变为肯定句： this is the museumyou visited yesterday.
答案： one(that /which/\)which/不填。
解题步骤：1. 通读全句，首先判断是什么句型；
2. 题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式；
3. 找出从句部分及先行词；
4. 分析从句的句子结构，判断从句中所缺的成分，缺主语、宾语或定语用关系代词；
不缺主语、宾语或定语时选用关系副词做状语。
step4. 考点二：只能用关系代词which 或that的情况。
在定语从句中， 当先行词指物时， 下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which:
1.先行词被①形容词最高级；②序数词；③the only, the very, the right ,the same 修饰时。
this is the only book that i bought today.
2.先行词为下列不定代词，或被此类词（+ every, each）修饰时。
all, one, some, any, much;
none, few, little, no;
something, anything, everything, nothing。
is this all that is left？
he made a list of all the books (that) he had ever read.
如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, 关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用 which。如：
is there anyone here who will go with you?
3. 先行词中既有人又有物时。
look at the man and his horse that are walking up the street.
4.先行词在从句中作表语。（多用that而不用who）
mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.
5.当主句中含有疑问词which或who时，为避免重复，常用that 代替who 或which。
which are the books that you bought for me?
6.主句以there be 开头时。
there is little that i can do to make up for the lost time.
在定语从句中， 当先行词指物时，只能用which而不能用that 的情况：
1.在介词提前的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which。
this is the house in which lu xun used to live.
2.引导非限制性定语从句时。
she failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry.
step5. 考点三：as与which引导的非限定性定语从句。
二者都可以引导非限制定语从句，指代从句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。
he married her, as /which was natural.
在下列情况下一般只能用as：
1) as 放在句首、句中，而which不能。
2) as 本身有“正如……；正像……”之意，而which 没有；此时as常和 know, see, expect, announce, suggest, hope, believe 等连用。由as构成的常用短语：as everybody knows/as is known to everybody；as we can see；as is often the case；as is reported in the news*****… 如：
1. as we all know, the earth is round.
2. as is known to everyone, china is a country that has the largest population in the world. 众所周知，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。
注】as的搭配：
当先行词被the same, such修饰时，定语从句需用as引导。
such books as you tell me are interesting.
i h**e the same plan as you.
the same …as(指同类的东西the same …that(指同一个东西)
this is the same watch as i lostthis is the same watch that i lost.
练习：1.他带的手表和你昨天买的一样。
he is wearing the same watch as you bought yesterday.
2.他带的那块手表就是我昨天买的那块。
he is wearing the same watch that i bought yesterday.
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