定语从句。
a. 语法要点剖析。
定语从句概述：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，用作定语的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as和关系副词when, where, why等。
1． 引导的限制性定语从句关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
the number of people who lost homes in the earthquake reached as many as 250,000.(作主语)
the person (whom/ who) you should ask is mr ball.(作宾语，可省略)
today fruit trees which/ that once grew only in china can be found in many parts of the world.(作主语)
the film (that/ which) we saw last night is wonderful.(作宾语，可省略)
i h**e a friend whose sister is a famous actress.(作定语)
the dictionary whose cover has come off is mine.(作定语)
such things as you described are rare now.(作宾语)
2． 引导的限制性定语从句关系副词有where, when, why。
after living in paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.(作状语，表地点)
do you know the reason why he left early?(作状语，表原因)
july and august are the months when the weather is hot.(作状语，表时间)
3． 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, as。
he lives in the room, whose window faces to the south.(作定语)
as we all know, light tr**els much faster than sound.(作宾语)
who moved my cheese?, which is a best selling book, is written by spencer johnson.(作主语)
4． 引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有when, where。
we’ll put off the outing until next week, when we won’t be so busy.(作时间状语)
chaplin went to the states, where most of the films were made at that time. (作地点状语)
5． 关系代词that与which 的用法区别。
． 只用that引导定语从句的情况：
． 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
the first thing that should be done is to get some food.
this is the best novel that i h**e ever read.
． 当先行词是不定代词all, little, much, anything, everything, nothing 等时。
to get the job started, all that i need is your permission.
-do you h**e anything in mind that you’d like for supper?
-well, anything is ok with me.
． 当先行词被only, very, few, any, no, all等词修饰时。
he answered few questions that the teacher asked.
this is the very book i lost yesterday.
． 当先行词是一个既有人又有物的并列词组时。
they are talking about the persons and the things that they saw in the factory.
． 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
． 当要避免和疑问词重复时。
which is the bike that you lost?
． 只用which引导定语从句的情况：
． 引导非限制性定语从句时。
football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.
． 在介词之后作宾语时。
this is the village in which he was brought up.
6． as与which 的用法的区别。
． as 引导限制性定语从句通常构成as…as，such…as或the same …as固定搭配，as在从句中可作主语、表语或宾语。
as a teacher, i seldom give my students so difficult a problem as they can not work out.
such people as knew tom thought he was a talented young man.
many of the sports were the same as they are now.
． as和which引导非限制性定语从句，指主句的整个内容时，as从句位置灵活，可置于主句前或后，也可插在主句中，往往表示“正如……”which从句只能位于主句后，意为“这，这一点”。
the moon, as is known to everybody, tr**els round the earth once every month.
as is known to everybody, the moon tr**els round the earth once every month.
the moon tr**els round the earth once every month, as is known to everybody.
the weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
7．“介词（短语）＋which/whom”引导的定语从句。
the rat is digging a tunnel through which it reach the field to get food.
the man, from whom i learned the news, is an engineer.
8．“不定代词/数词＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句。
china has a lot of islands, one of which is taiwan.
there are lots of students here, none of whom like the film.
9．“名词＋of which”（＝whose +名词/ of which +名词）引导的定语从句。
he mentioned a book, the title of which（＝whose title/ of which the title）i’ve forgotten.
10．“介词＋whose＋名词”引导的定语从句。
the driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps.
11. “the way + 定语从句”中的引导词有三种形式：in which/ that/ /
nobody likes the way( that)/(in which )he speaks to us all.
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