宾语从句的讲解。
句子形式:主+谓+宾(谓语可以是say, think, wish, hope, wonder, know, see, believe, agree, feel, dream, suggest, hear)
1. 引导宾语从句的连词。
(1) that引导陈述句,不做任何成分,常常可以省略。连接由陈述句转变而来的宾语从句。
she said( that )the book was written by moyan.
注:有些情况下that不能省略:
1、 当that为宾语从句的主语时。he says that that is a useful book.
2、 当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。
i believe(that)you h**e done your best and that things will get better.
3、 当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,不可省。i can’t tell him that his mother died.
(2)连接代词 who, whom, that, which, whose和连接副词 when, where, why, how连接由特殊疑问句转变而来的宾语从句。这些词充当成分,不能省略。i don’t know when he came.
(3) if, whether 连接由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句。翻译为”是否” 。
i want to know if (whether) he lives there.
但在下列情况下只能用whether,不能用if:
1 在与or not连用时,用whether。如:let me know whether he will come or not.
在介词之后用whether。如:i'm interested in whether he likes english.
在不定式前用whether。如:he hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.
whether置于句首时,不能换用if。如:whether this is true or not,i can't say.
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句。
if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”the students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
if引导否定概念的宾语从句时he asked if i didn’t come to school yesterday.
2 引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时。
2. 宾语从句的语序(考点)
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如:
i hear (that) physics isn’t easy. can you tell me how i can get to zoo?
3. 宾语从句的主从时态问题。
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
如: i remember he g**e me a book yesterday.
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时, 过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。例如: he asked what time it was.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,即使主句是过去时其时态常用一般现在时。例如:
scientists h**e proved that the earth turns around the sun.
4. that主从复合句中的否定转移。
主从复合句中,谓语是think, believe, suppose,imagine,guess时,要将从句的否定转移到主句上:i don’t think he will come tonight.
5. that主从复合句的反义疑问句。
1. 第一人称的否定转移句,反义疑问句与宾语从句一致。如:……will he?
2.never:we find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?
3.当主句的主语是第。
二、三人称时,其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。
they don't believe she's a student, do they?
6. 宾语从句的简化。
1. 宾语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且谓语动词是,hope, wish, decide, agree, choose时。可简化为不定式结构:
li ming hopes he will be back very soon. →li ming hopes to be back very soon.
2. 当主句谓语动词是know, learn, remember, forget, tell等动词,加副词引导的宾语从句且主句主语与从句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如:
she has forgotten how she can open the window. →she has forgotten how to open the window.
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