宾语从句讲解

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2012-02-16 20:56:35|分类: 英语9b |标签: |字号大中小订阅

宾语从句 概念。

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语,作短语动词的宾语,介词的宾语。

1. 在短语动词后。

please go and find out when the train will arrive. 请去弄清楚火车什么时候到。

此句是在短语动词find out后接宾语从句when the train will arrive

2. 在及物动词后。

everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees. 谁都知道钱不是长在树上。

此句是在及物动词know后接宾语从句money doesn't grow on trees

h**e you decided where you will go for a holiday? 你有没有决定到什么地方去度假?

此句是在及物动词decide后接宾语从句where you will go for a holiday

3. 在介词的宾语后。

i am very interested in what they are going to do next.

我对他们下一步打算做什么很感兴趣。

此句是在介词in后接宾语从句what they are going to do next

宾语从句的用法。

1. 主句与从句时态一致的问题。

1) 如果主句是现在的某种状态(包括一般现在时/现在进行时/现在完成时),那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。

i remember he g**e me a book yesterday. 我记得他昨天给了我一本书。

这里主句i remember 是一般现在时,宾语从句中有yesterday,应用一般过去时。

he has told me that he’ll le**e for new york tomorrow。 他已告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。

此句的主句he has told me是现在完成时,宾语从句的时态根据从句的时间状语tomorrow来定,用一般将来时。

2) 如果主句是过去的某种状态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。

he told me that he would take part in the high jump。他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。

这个句子的主句是he told me,是一般过去时,宾语从句的时态要用过去的相应时态, 而“他将参加跳高比赛”本来应该用一般将来时,现在在宾语从句中用过去将来时。

3) 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。

he told me that the earth goes round the sun。(真理用一般现在时)

1. the teacher told us lighttr**el) faster than sound.

2. —could you tell me whatat the moment?

—er, i am reading in my office.

a. are you doing b. you are doing c. were you doing d. you were doing

could you tell me是委婉的说法,不表达过去时,因此宾语从句在a,b中选,选项a的语序错误,因此选b。

3. it’s said that chinasend) three people into space over the years.

it’s said = it is said,是一般现在时,因此宾语从句的时态根据从句的时间状语来定,从句中有over the years,用现在完成时,因此填has sent

当主句是could you tell me时,表示委婉的说法,宾语从句的时态要根据实际情况而定。

it’s said是一般现在时的被动语态形式,宾语从句的时态仍根据实际情况而定。

2. 宾语从句的语序。

宾语从句的语序要用陈述句的语序,即按照主语、谓语的顺序。

1. detective johnson wanted to find out___

a. where was the witness that day

b. where has the witness gone the day before

c. where the witness was that day

d. where the witness has gone the day before

find out后含有一个宾语从句,要用陈述句语序,因此排除a,b选项,由于主句是一般过去时,因此宾语从句要用过去时态,所以选c。

2. i don’t know你怎么了)。

填what’s wrong with you或者what’s the matter with you,特殊疑问词是what是宾语从句的主语,整个宾语从句本身是主谓结构,因此放在宾语从句中时不必再变语序。

宾语从句的连接词。

1) 当宾语从句是陈述句时,用that引导。

he told us (that) he wanted to tr**el to australia.

2) 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,构成宾语从句用whether或if连接,句尾的标点符号取决于主句。

1. he asked me if/whether i could help him with his english.

2. i’m wonderingliu xiang will h**e time to __the meeting.

a. whether; attend b. that; attend c. whether; appear d. that; appear

wonder“想知道”;连接词不可能是that。因此在a,c中选,参加会议要用attend,选a。

3)当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,连接词就用原来的疑问词,但一定要注意用陈述句语序。

could you tell me when he left for japan?

注:如果连接词是疑问代词,动词是不及物动词时,动词后要跟相应的介词。

1. i don’t know which city they will fly to?

2. i don’t know which room they would like to live in?

3. —let’s go fishing if itthis weekend.

—but nobody knows if ita)

a. is fine; will rain b. will be fine; rains c.

is fine; rains d. will be fine; will rain

宾语从句的否定转移。

在主从复合句中,当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等时,要将从句的否定词转移到句中,即主语的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。

i don’t think he will come with you. 我认为他不会和你一起来。

宾语从句的简化。

1)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同时,且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。

she doesn’t know what she should do next. =she doesn’t know what to do next.

2)动词seem后的宾语从句可用不定式(短语)来简化,但句型要有适当的变化。一。

it seems that football is very interesting. =football seems to be very interesting.

本单元的英语作文:

我们的交通;环境;购物;旅游和娱乐。

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