定语从句一．课文原句。
i like music that i can dance to .我喜欢可以随之跳舞的**。rose likes music that’s quiet and gentle.
玫瑰喜欢轻柔的**。
i prefer singers who write their own lyrics .我喜欢自己写歌词的歌手。
以上三个句子都是含有定语从句的复合句。第一，二句均是由that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词都是music,第三句是由who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词singers.二．概念及构成。
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导。
其结构为：先行词+关系代词或关系副词+从句。引导定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等，关系副词有where , when , why等。
三．用法点拨。
1.关系代词在定语从句中的用法。
关系代词that , which , who , whom , whose放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又代替先行词在从句中充当某一成分，关系代词作从句的宾语时通常可以省略，但作从句主语时不能省略。
1）that在从句中可以作主语或宾语，可以指人也可以指物this is the pe teacher that plays soccer best. (作主语)这就是踢足球最棒的那位体育老师。
he isn’t the person that i talked to just now . 作宾语)他不是刚才和我说话的那个人。
i like the cat that has four white paws . 作主语)我喜欢那只长着四只白色爪子的猫。this is the cat that i like best .
作宾语)这就是我最喜欢的那只猫。
2）who在从句中作主语或宾语，指代人。this is the pe teacher who plays soccer best. (作主语)这就是踢足球最棒的那位体育老师。
he isn’t the man whom i talked to just now . 作宾语)他不是刚才和我说话的那个人。
3）which在从句中可以作主语或宾语，指代物。can you show me the shop which is the nearest? (作主语)你能给我指指去最近商店的路吗？
the book which you’re looking for is tom’s . 作宾语)你正在找的那本书是汤姆的。
4）whose在从句中作定语，指人，也指物。
do you know the boy whose mother is our math teacher ?你认识那个他妈妈是咱们数学老师的男孩吗？my uncle has bought a new car whose color is blue .
我叔叔买了一辆颜色是蓝色的新车。▲that可以指人也可以指物，指人是多数可与who , whom互换，指物时有时可与which互。
换。eg : the songs (that∕which ) liu dehua sang are very popular.刘德华演唱的歌很受欢迎。
the man that∕who is reading a book over there is tom’s uncle .在那边看书的那个男人是汤姆的叔叔。
关系代词whom和which在从句中作介词的宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之。
间，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。
eg : the beautiful lady to whom you talked is miss zhang .=the beautiful lady ( whom∕who∕that ) you talked to is miss zhang .
和你说话哦那位漂亮的女士是张小姐。2.关系代词用法辨析。
1）用that不用which的情况：
a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时通常用that .
eg : this is the most beautiful mountain that i h**e seen .这是我所见过的最美丽的山。
the first english novel that i read was“thirty-nine step“我读的第一本英文**是《39级台阶》。
2）先行词前有all , any , no , little , much , many , the only , the very , the last等修饰词时。
通常用that .
eg : here are all the clothes that i h**e .这就是我所有的衣服。
this is the only book that i like .这就是我唯一喜欢的一本书。
3）先行词是everything , something , anything , all , none , much , little , many , few等不。
定代词时，通常用that .
eg：finally , the thief handed in everything that he had stolen .
最后小偷交出了他所偷的所有东西。
4）先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，用that .
eg : i can remember the people and some pictures that i saw in the room .我能记得我在这个房间里看到的人和一些图画。
5）在以who引导的疑问词后，为了避免重复，用that .
eg : who is the girl that is standing there ?站在那边的那个女孩是谁？（6）。先行词在句中作表语。
shanghai is no longer the citythatit used to be
只用which不用that情况：
1）在介词后用which ,不用that .eg : this is the bank in which the robbery happened.
这是那所发生抢劫案的银行。
2）先行词本身是that时，用which，不能用that . eg : the clock is that which tells
the time .钟表是用来报时的。
四．关系副词（when , where , why）
关系副词when , where, why在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句中不缺主语、宾语，只缺时间、地点或原因状语1.★：分析句子结构，明确句法成分。
关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语，关键取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果定语从句中谓语动词是及物动词，应观察其后有无宾语。如果没宾语，则应考虑使用能充当宾语的关系代词which或that。
如果句子中有宾语，就考虑关系副词when
或where等。
的用法（在定语从句中做时间状语）
i still remember the daywheni first came to beijing .
we will never forget the happy timewhenwe worked on the farm .he came at a timewhen (at which )we needed help .的用法（在定语从句中做地点状语）this is the housewherewe lived last year .
the factorywherehis father works is in the west of the city .
after living in pairs for fifty years , he returned to the small townwherehe grew up as a child .
的用法（在定语从句中做原因状语）
there are several reasonswhywe can’t do that .
he couldn’t give the teacher a good reasonwhyhe was late for school .is this the reasonwhy ( for which )he refused our offer ?
the reasonwhy ( for which )she was ill is that she had eaten bad meat .
5.比较。i’ll never forget the daysthat / whichi spent with my teacher .
i’ll never forget the dayswheni worked with you .
it is the housethat / whichwas built two years ago . it is the housewhere/ in whichi was born .
the reasonwhich / thathe g**e was an excuse .the reasonwhyhe was late was the rain .
do you know the reasonwhyhe didn’t turn up ?★定语从句中的主谓一致问题。当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致，因为关系代词所指代的就是先行词。
eg:tom is one of the boys that are（易错点）from the usa.汤姆是众多来自美国的男孩中的一个。
tom is the only boy that is(易错点) from the usa.汤姆是从美国来的唯一的男孩。
i.单项填空。
1. -do you know the man __is talking with your father?-yes, he’s our headmaster.
a. he b. who c.
which d. whom2. is this the river __i can swim?
a. which b. in which c.
that d. the one
3. this is the best hotel in the city __i where b. which c. that d. it
4. can you lend me the dictionary __the other day?a. that you bought b. you bought it
c. that you bought it d. which you bought it
5. anyone __with what i said may put up you which agrees b. who agreec.
who agrees d. which agree
6. my watch is not the only thing __is that b. it c. which who
7. the man __coat is black is waiting at the gatea. who’s b. whose c. that of which.
8. the girl __is reading under the tree __my which; is b. whom; was c.
who; is d. who; was9. i love places __the people are really that b.
which c. where d. who
10. the world __is made up of in that we live b. on which we livec.
where we live in d. we live in
.用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。1. the first thing __you must do is to h**e a meal.
2. april 1st is the day __is called april fool’s day in the west.
4. the house __we live in is very old.
5. didn’t you see the man __i talked with just now?
答案：cbcacabcca
that ,which ,which ,who ,whom .
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