定语从句。
定语从句的分类。
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。this is the house which we bought last month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） the house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。
（非限制性）
关系代词的用法。
1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的**。（that作主语）
the coat （that） i put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）
用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
the building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）
the film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）
whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：
the girl who often helps me with my english is from england.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）
who is the teacher （whom） li ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）
用来指人或物，(只用作定语， 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
they rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：
this is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
please tell me from whom you borrowed the english novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文**。
2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。
this is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。(that前不能有介词)。
the city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
4）只能用that的情况：
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例：
the first book that i read last night was an english novel.
he was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如we are willing to do anything that is good to the people.
i h**e told them all (that) i know.
c. 先行词既有人，又有物时。 we know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about
d.先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that. this is the only book that can be lent to you.
e.主句以there be…开头，先行词为物时常用that引导定语从句。
there is a room in the building that is still free.
f.当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。
who is the person that is standing at the gate.
用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
this is the mountain village where i stayed last year.
i'll never forget the days when i worked together with you.
（错） this is the mountain village where i visited last year.
（错） i will never forget the days when i spent in the countryside.
（对） this is the mountain village (which) i visited last year.
（对） i'll never forget the days (which) i spent in the countryside.
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