定语从句。
1．translate the following sentences into chinese
who does n’t reach the great wall is not a true man.
note was left by john , who was here a moment ago.
shenyang is the man who we all like very much.
and jack are the lovers who met on the ship.
is the ship which sank after hitting an iceberg.
定义：修饰的句子叫定语从句。
位置：放在被修饰的名词/代词的___
其中的名词或代词叫___其中who叫做。
关系代词：who/ whom (人）which （物）that/whose （人/ 物）
关系副词： where/ when /why
注意：who/which/where/ when /why不是疑问词。
exercise：
are my neighbors___home was destroyed by the earthquake.
terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people___were asleep.
next day people put up shelters in the open air made with anything __they could find.
days later most of the buildingshad been damaged were repaired
frightened boy __mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now .
went to see our teacher __husband lost his life in the earthquake .
7. “is this the young man __s**ed people trapped under buildings?” she asked.
number of children __parents had died in the quake were sent to live with families in other cities.
二、that和which用法的区别。
1、只能用that不用which的情况。
1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代词时。
i am sure she has something __you can borrow.
2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。
i’ve read all the books __you lend me.
3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
this is the first book __he has read.
it is the most beautiful city __i’ve ever seen.
4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
this is the very book __belongs to him.
5)先行词既有人又有物时。
the famous writer and his works __the radio broadcast are popular
to the students.
6) 先行词是who或which引导的主句。
who is the girl __drove the car?
三，只用who的情况。
one __has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.
the ones __laugh at the disabled are not good students.
anyone __fails to finish the task should be punished.
those __want to go to the great wall sigh up her
先行词是one, ones, anyone, those时用who.
2、只用which不用that的情况。
1) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前。
there are many treesthey can h**e a rest.
this is the ringshe spent 1000 dollars.
2) 在非限制性定语从句中。
football, _is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
把 that , which 或 who 填入下列空白处。
did all / everything __he could to help me.
is the very thing __i am after.
talked about the men and the things __we remembered at school.
is the only man __can do the work.
is the first thing __i want to say.
is the finest man __i h**e ever worked with.
is the man __spoke to you at the gate.
is the star __is nearest to the earth.
把that , which ,whose, whom or who 填入空格。
there anything else __you want to say?
person __has the money can join the group.
often speaks the role he played in the playmade others upset.
opened the door, in front of __sat a boy.
man to __i spoke is a famous scientist.
boy __mother is dead was brought up by his father.
四、“介词＋关系代词”即“介词＋whom / which”
1、介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素：
a.与先行词的搭配关系。
1）i will never forget the dayi joined the army.
2) i will never forget the daysi
worked in the school.
3) i will never forget the yearmy son
went to college.
b. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯。
1）h**e you found the booki paid 29 us dollars?
2) h**e you found the booki spent 29 us dollars?
3) h**e you found the bookwe learnt a lot?
4) h**e you found the bookshe often talks?
2. “介词＋whom/which”与 “whom/which/that/…＋介词”的转换。
chair on which she is sitting is made of wood.
the chair (which/that) she is sitting on is made of wood.
2. is this the book which you are looking for?
注意：介词for不能与 look分开。
表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of, 有时可用whose转换。
1) i’m painting a house, the roofis round
i’m painting a houseis round.
2) they live in a housewindows face south.
they live in a house, the windowsface south.
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