match the two sentences
reading a book. the book is about bill gates.
is a teacher. the teacher teaches us chinese.
don’t like the man. he is smoking.
is the picture? you bought it last week.
什么是定语从句呢？
答案：修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 句子。
the man who lives next to us is a policeman.
先行词关系词定语从句。
关系词关系代词： that, which, who, whom, whose
关系副词： when, where, why
关系代词：指物：that which
指人：who (主/宾格) that whom（宾格）
关系代词that, which引导的定语从句：
如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代词应用that、which. (作主语或宾语)
which / that 作主语。 (不能省)
this is a dream.
the dream will never come true.
this is a dream which/that will never come true.
the dog has been found.
the dog was lost.
the dog which was lost has been found.
practise:
is the house which is for sale.
2. the book which is lying on the floor is mine.
which / that 作宾语 ： 可省略）
this is the card.
i’ve just received the card.
this is the card which / that i’ve just received.
作宾语）practise:
1. this is the mistake which /that i always make.
2. i still keep the letters which she wrote to me.
3. i lost the pen which my father bought me.
关系代词who, that, whom引导的定语从句：
如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who, that (作主语或宾语)
whom (作宾语)
who / that 作主语。 (不能省)
this is the film star.
the film star is very popular in china.
this is the film star who/ that is very popular in china. (作主语)
1. the boy who broke the window is called roy.
2. do you know the man who spoke at the meeting yesterday?
3. the girl who is watering the flowers is my cousin.
who / whom / that 作宾语：( 可省略)
the man is a famous writer.
he described the man just now.
the man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described just now is a famous writer. (作宾语）
1. the boy who(m) i ‘m looking for is my friend.
2. the thief has been sent to prison.
the police caught the thief last night.
the thief whom the police caught last night has been sent to prison.
小结：that－ 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。
which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。
who－ 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略，（常用whom）
注：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。
有时只能用 that , 不用 which, 常见的情况有五种：
1. 当先行词是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing , everybody,nobody, everyone, no one 或被它们修饰时。
that’s all that i know.
is there anything that i can do for you?
he answered few questions that the teacher asked.
2. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
that is the most interesting book that i h**e ever read.
the first thing that i should do is to review my lessons.
3. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same等修饰时。
that’s the only thing that i can do now.
these are the very words that he used.
4. 当主句以 who 或 which开头时，定语从句的关系词用 that, 而不用 which 或 who.
who is the girl that spoke to you just now?
which is the pen that you lost ?
5. 先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.
the man and his dog that i always meet are standing by the gate.
whose 作定语，表示所属关系。
the boy is my classmate.
the boy’s father is a policeman.
the boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.
例句：it’s an invention which /that is used for keeping off the rain .
it’s the wall that /which was built by chinese people.
it’s an animal that / which has big nose.
exercise 1 :用关系代词填空。
1. the boyis playing ping-pong is my classmate.
2. the e-maili received yesterday was from my sister.
3. i hate peopletalk much but do little.
4. the carmy father bought last month is very beautiful.
5. 5. the man __hair is white is his grandfather.
6. 6. is there a studentfather is a business man?
7. 7. this is the house inwe h**e lived for 10 years.
8. never heard of the people and thingsyou talked about just now.
当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.
exercise 2.
1. my father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things __they couldn’t remember.
2. say allyou know.
3. is there anything __i can do for you?
当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.
is the first playi h**e seen since i came here.
5. this is the best novel __i h**e read.
当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.
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