定语从句。
一、 分类。
限定性定语从句。
非限定性定语从句。
二、 结构:先行词、引导词、句子。
三、 引导词。
关系代词:who ,whom ,whose(=of which),which ,that(人、物,只用在限制性定从)
关系副词:when ,where ,why(=介词+which)that= in which(表方式)
四、 特殊用法。
1、 只能用that:
1) 先行词anything ,everything ,nothing ,few,all none,little,some或由every ,any, all ,some ,no, little, few, much, each修饰(something也可用which)
2) 先行词被序数修饰。
3) 先行词被最高级修饰。
4) 先行词前的形容词被the very,the only,the same,the last,just,right修饰。
5) 先行词前有who ,which等疑问代词。
6) 先行词有人也有物。
7) 关系代词在定语从句中做表语:the village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago.
2、 只能用which
1) 引导非限制性定从,且先行词指物或者是句子。
2) 关系代词做介词的宾语,且介词提前。
3) 先行词为职业
4) 先行词是that :there is that which you can never understand.
5) 关系代词后有插入成分。
6) 表示部分与整体的关系时,只能用“名词(代词)+of+ which”:
the audience, most of which were students, enjoyed the performance.
3、 只能用whom
1) 引导非限制性定从做宾语且从句和先行词之间有逗号隔开。
2) 引导词作介词的宾语。
4、 as 和 which
两者都能指代整个句子,当先行词由such, the same 修饰时,常用as。当定从位于句首时,只能用as。
五、 做题步骤:判断从句类型,先行词类型,引导词在从句中的成分,特殊用法。
定从和同位语从句的区别:同位语从句的that不能省略,定从的that 有时能省略。可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words,possibility demand, wish , suggestion, resolution(后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气)等。
同位语从句只能用whether。
动词短语不能拆开:look for, look after, take care of 等。
关系代词than 引导的定从:few people than we had expected were present.
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