一.引导词只用“that”不用“which”的场合:
1.当先行词为all,much,little,none以及由some-,any-,no-,every-所构成的不定代词时,引导词只用“that”不用“which”。2.
当先行词被any,few,little,no,all,much,some等词修饰时,引导词只用“that”不用“which”。
3.当先行词为序数词时或被序数词修饰时,引导词只用“that”不用“which”。
4.当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时,引导词只用“that”不用“which”。
当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时,引导词只用“that”不用“which”。(注意:当先行词由the same
修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同)例:she wore the same dress that she wore at mary’s wedding.她穿着她在mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
she wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
6.当先行词既包含人又包含物时,引导词只用“that”不用“which”。
7.主句以疑问词who或which开头时,引导词只用“that”不用“which”
二.引导词只用“which”不用“that”的场合。
1.在非限定性定语从句中,表示物时,引导词只用“which”不。
用“that”。
2.在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词必须用“which”不用“that”。
三.非限定性定语从句和限定性定语从句的区别:
限定性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,与主句关系十分密切,不能用逗号将其与主句隔开。例:this is the book (which/that)he lost yesterday.
非限定性定语从句只是对主句内容,或先行词的补充,解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分开,常常单独翻译。没有它,主句意思仍完整。
例:my house ,which ibought last year ,has got a lovely garden.引导词:
关系代词:who ,whom, whose, which, that, as等关系副词:when, where, why等。
关系代词与关系副词的用法。
1.当先引导词在从句中充当状语时,引导词用关系副词:where,when, why.
1).where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点。(2).when:在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。(3).why:在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。
当表示{时间/地点/原因}的先行词在句中不作状语,而作主/宾/表时,必须用that/which引导定语从句而不用where,when,why.
当先行词为the way,引导词用that/in which/省略(在从句中作状语),不用how。
but有时也可以作关系词引导定语从句:例:there are very few but
understand his idea. (but= who don’t )三。介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。
1.关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导例:the school in which he once studied is very famous.
2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose
例:the man with whom you talked is my friend.
the plane in which we flew to canada is very comfortable。
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