宾语从句复习要点。
一、连接词
1. that引导宾语从句时，只起连接作用。
i know(that) he is a canadian athlete.
2. whether或if引导宾语从句时，意为“是否”,。如：
i don’t know whether/ if my parents agree with me.
注意：与or not直接连用时只能用whether不可用if。如：
he didn’t say whether or not he would be staying here.
下列情况下只能用whether：
在具有选择意义，有or或or not时，与or not连用时，用whether(if…or not也可以使用)
let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=let me know whether or not he will come)让我知道他是否能来。
i don't know whether /if he does any washing or not.(=i don't know whether or not he does any washing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
i wonder whether we stay or whether wego.我不知道我们是去还是留。
②在介词之后用whether
i'm interested in whether he likes english.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
we're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。
i worry about whether i hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。
在不定式前用whether
he hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
i don't know whether to go.我不知去否。
he hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
whether置于句首时，不能换用if
whether this is true or not，i can't say.这是否真的我说不上来。
引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether
whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。
the question is whether we can catch the bus.问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。
若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether
please let me know if you like the book.可理解为：
let me know whether you like the book.请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。
you like the book，please let me know.你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。
3. what, who, whose, which等连接代词和when, where, how, why等连接副词引导宾语从句不能省略。如：
he didn’t understand what the teacher said.
i don’t know when we will h**e a meeting.
二、语序。1. 宾语从句须用陈述句语序。
do you know where he lives?
2. 谓语是 think, believe, guess, suppose, imagine, expect等词时。
i don’t think (that) tom is wrong. 我认为汤姆没错。
三、时态。1. 时态相应的过去时态。如：
i want to know how he came yesterday.
she asked if he was le**ing for beijing soon.
2. 宾语从句表述的是客观事实或普遍真理时，宾语从句仍使用一般现在时。如：
the teacher told us that the moon moves around the earth.
简化宾语从句的方法：
方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式。
li ming hopes he will be back very soon. →li ming hopes to be back very soon.
we decided that we would help him. →we decided to help him.
方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”
she has forgotten how she can open the window. →she has forgotten how to open the window.
注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”
could you tell me how i can get to the station? →could you tell me how to get to the station?
方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order(命令)，require(需要)等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词(代词)+不定式”
the headmaster ordered that we should start at once. →the headmaster ordered us to start at once.
方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词(短语)等其他形式简化。
he insisted that he should go with us. →he insisted on going with us.
the poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.
the poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.
方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+v-ing形式(作宾语补足语)”结构。
liu ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. →liu ping found a wallet lying on the ground.
方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，可用不定式(短语)来简化，it seemed that the boys were going to win. →the boys seemed to win.
除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：
i found that it was difficult to learn english well. →i found it difficult to learn english well.
soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.
they found that the box was very he**y. →they found the box very he**y.
练习：i. 单项填空。
1. -do you know the man __is talking with your father?
yes， he‘s our headmaster.
a. he b. who c. which d. whom
2. is this the river __i can swim?
a. which b. in which c. that d. the one
3. this is the best hotel in the city __i know.
a. where b. which c. that d. it
4. can you lend me the dictionary __the other day?
a. that you bought b. you bought it
c. that you bought it d. which you bought it
5. anyone __with what i said may put up you hands.
a. which agrees b. who agree c. who agrees d. which agree
6. my watch is not the only thing __is missing.
a. that b. it c. which who
7. the man __coat is black is waiting at the gate
a. who‘s b. whose c. that of which.
8. the girl __is reading under the tree __my sister.
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