定义：修饰动词（动作）的叫宾语，宾语可以由一个词，词组来充当。
动词后的句子叫宾语从句（常用来转述别人的话）。
结构：主句+引导词+宾语从句（注意时态）
a：引导词1.原话是陈述句的，用that引导（可省略）
eg:i am a said.
he said (that)he was a worker.
2.原句是特殊疑问句的，用原来的特殊疑问句词引导。
eg:where is jim?he asked.
he asked where jim was.
3.原句是一般疑问句的，用if/whether引导，表示“是否…”
考：表示“是否”if≈whether
有两种情况：只用whether①whether…or not.
②wheter to do sth.
翻译成“如果…”只能用if
eg:are you a student? he asked.
he asked if you were a student.
如果从句后面有or not的话，只能用whether，构成whether…or not.
b:从句顺序：陈述句语序→（考点）从句顺序：引导词+主、谓、宾顺序。
eg:who will come?i don't know.
i don't know who will come.
where do you live?he asked me.
he asked me where i live>
c:从句时态：①主句一般现在时，从句用原来的时态（不变）。
eg:who is he?do you know?
do you know who he is?
主句一般过去时，从句改用过去的某种时态。
eg:i will visit sw. said.
he said (that) he would visit
如果从句后面有or not的话，只能用whether，构成whether…or not.
b:从句顺序：陈述句语序→（考点）从句顺序：引导词+主、谓、宾顺序。
eg:who will come?i don't know.
i don't know who will come.
where do you live?he asked me.
he asked me where i live>
c:从句时态：①主句一般现在时，从句用原来的时态（不变）。
eg:who is he?do you know?
do you know who he is?
主句一般过去时，从句改用过去的某种时态。
eg:i will visit sw. said.
he said (that) he would visit
*自然现象，客观真理永远用一般现在时。
eg:the teacher said that the moon goes around the earth.
主语是口语的话，从句时态不变。
eg:are you a student?could you tell me?
—could you tell me if you are a student?
d:句尾符号由主句决定。
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