作为英语学习基本技能之一的“听力”,在高考中具有不可忽视的地位。要求考生听懂人们日常生活交际中所进行的简短对话和独白。考生应该能够做到以下几点:
1)理解主旨要义:它要求我们对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会,理解说话者究竟在说什么。任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的,有时主旨大意较明显,有时则需要归纳和概括。
2)获取事实性的具体信息:它要求我们听清、听懂与话题中心相关的具体信息,准确理解具体细节,如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、目的、原因、结果等。同时,还要求我。
们对所听到的信息进行简单的处理,比如数字运算、时间排序、比较筛选、同义转换等。
3)对所听内容做出简单推断:它要求我们从对话或独白的话题和语气中来推断出对话双方(或说话人)的职业或身份,彼此之间(或与他人)的关系,对话发生的时间、地点或场合等。
4)理解说话者的意图、观点或态度:它要求我们从话语中听出“弦外之音”,也就是揣摩说话人的意图、观点或态度。从最近几年高考试题分析可归纳以下几个考点:
考点一:事实细节类。
1.地点场景类。
考例1:where does the conversation most probably take place?
a. in a restaurant. b. in an office. c. at home.
听力原文:w:ok, time to go home.
m:i can’t, because i h**en’t finished the report about the newly opened restaurant.
w:well, if you carry on working like that, you’ll make yourself ill.
解析:根据对话中“time to go home.…i can’t, because i h**en’t finished the report”就可以推断出是在办公室。
地点题选项一般由表示地点的名词或介词加这类名词组成。有些地点是对话中直接提到的,有些是需要根据对话的内容来判断的,还有的两者兼而有之。地点类常考的地点一般为机场、实验室、学校、商店、车站、图书馆、餐馆、医院、邮局等。
常见的提问方式:1. where does this conversation probably take place?
/2. where did it happen? /3.
where is…? 4. what kind of store is she going to?
关键词:bank:account, cash, check, s**ings.
school:campus, dorm, grades, lecture, *****, exam, grades, playground, teacher.
restaurant:menu, soup, drink, order, bill.
airport / station:train, time table, take off, passenger, flight.
post office:parcel, package, stamp, postage, letter, airmail.
hospital:cold, fever, pain, cough, trouble, temperature.
2.时间类。
考例2:when will the two speakers le**e if they get cheaper tickets?
a. on tuesday. b. on thursday c. on friday
听力原文:m:those tickets on tuesday are so expensive.
can’t you find anything better before friday?
w:well, if we want cheaper tickets, we h**e to le**e on thursday.
解析:根据对话中“we h**e to le**e on thursday”就可以直接得出答案。
在时间类题目中,当对时间进行提问时,也可能不用数字而用表示时间的短语来表示,考生应注意以下几点:
a.根据表示时间的关联词来判断事件发生的时间,如:before, after, when, while, then, until, later, right away, immediately, as soon as possible等。
b.掌握年、月、日、星期等时间的表达方法。注意一些表示时间的词,如quarter, a couple of days, eve, fortnight (two weeks), dawn (daybreak), dusk (time just before it gets quite back)等。
同时注意英、美不同的时间表达方式,如:2:15读作a quarter past two(英)或two fifteen(美); 2:
30读作half past two (英) two thirty(美)等。
c.有时候,文中通过从句或短语表示时间,而不出现具体表示时间的数字或表示时间概念的单词,这种情况也要引起注意。例如:
“aren’t you glad the term’s over?”可以判断出时间为“at the end of the term”。常见的提问方式有:
1. when does the conversation take place? /2.
when does the man want to le**e? /3. how long did it take the man to….?
4. when did the football match stat?
关键词:ago, before, after, when, until, later, immediately, quarter, a couple of days, fortnight, decade, etc..
考点二:职业身份类。
考例:who is the woman most probably speaking to?
a. a railway porter b. a taxi driver c. a postal clerk
听力原文:w:excuse me, sir.
i’m going to send this parcel to london. what’s the postage for it?
m:let me see. it’s one pound and fifty pence.
解析:根据parcel (邮包)和postage(邮资)等关键词可以判断,这位女士是在跟一名邮局职员讲话。答案是c。
该题型经常提供一个情节,反映所涉及人物的关系或身份。在高考试题中,常见的职业类型有:警察、医生、司机、工作人员、作家、经理、教师、学生等。
常见的提问形式有:
1. what’s the woman’s job? /2.
what’s the profession of the man? /3. who is the woman most probably speaking to?
/4. who is the speaker?/ 5.
what is his / her job? /6. what does he / she do?
关键词teacher / student:class, exam, homework, part-time / full time job.
salesman:price, on sale, try on.
reporter:news, report.
doctor / nurse:medicine, operation
考点三:因果关系类。
考例:why was susan late for work?
a. she missed the bus. b. her train was late. c. her car broke down.
听力原文:m:you are lucky. i was 10 minutes late.
w:what happened
m:all the buses came late.
w:what did susan say?
m:she was late too.
w:what happened to her?
m:she took the train, and it was late too.
解析:根据“she took the train, and it was late too.”就可以可以直接得出答案。
因果关系类主要对原因进行提问,常与文中表示原因的句子形成因果关系。因此要注意because, for, since, as, so that等引导的句子或短语。
考点四:主旨大意题类。
考例:what are the speakers talking about?
a. a way to improve air quality. problem with traffic miles.
c. a suggestion for city planning.
听力原文:m:air pollution is so bad in this city.
i think the government should stop people from driving cars on certain days.
w:you h**e a point. air pollution is a problem, but not letting people drive on certain days is a bad idea.
people h**e to go to work by car.
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