unit 1 friendship 知识点归纳
1. add v. 增加，加。
add a to b 把a加到b上。
add up / together 将……相加。
add + that 从句补充说。
add to 使（数量）增加。
add up to 总共是，合计为。
the fire is going out. will you add some wood to it? 火快熄灭了，请你加些木柴好吗？
these numbers add up to 100. 这些数目合计为100.
in addition ( to sb. /sth.) 另外，加之，除……之外（还）
in addition ( to the names on the list), there are six other applicants.
除此（名单上的名字）之外，还有其他六位申请人。
2. point (u) 意图，目的，理由。
there is no point in doing sth. 做某事没有意义。
there is no point in complaining. 抱怨是没有意义的。
point sth. at … 把某物指向……，把某物对准、瞄准……
it’s rude to point your fingers at people. 用手指指人是不礼貌的。
point at 指着。
point to 指向。
point out 指出。
he pointed out that they were mistaken. 他指出他们错了。
3. get / h**e + 宾语 + done
get / h**e + 宾语 + done 让……被做。
get / h**e + sb. +doing 让某人一直做。
get + sb. +to do = h**e sb. do 让某人做……
he had / got his hair cut yesterday.
昨天他让人给他理发了。
the boss has /gets him working 12 hours a day.
老板让他一天工作12个小时。
4. upset adj. 心烦意乱的，不安的 vt. 使烦恼。
be upset 心烦的，苦恼的，不适的。
be upset about … 因……心烦、苦恼、不适。
upset sb. 使某人心烦意乱。
he was upset about her illness. 他为她的病而忧心忡忡。
losing the necklace upset her completely. 项链丢了，这使她极为心烦。
5. calm v. 使平静；使镇静 adj. 平静的，镇静的。
keep / stay calm 保持镇静。
calm (sb. /oneself ) down （使某人、自己）平静下来。
6. concern vt. （使）担忧，涉及 n. 担心，关注。
concern sb. /sth. 与某人/ 某物有关；使某人担忧。
concern oneself with / about 某人 （对……）感兴趣。
be concerned with 涉及；与……有关。
concern sb. about / for 使某人担心/关心……
sb. be concerned about / for 某人担心/关心……
he is concerned for her safety. 他担心她的安全。
as far as … be concerned 就……而言。
as far as i’m concerned, the meeting is of great importance.
在我看我，这个会议很重要。
7. should h**e done 过去本应该做而没做……
shouldn’t h**e done 过去本不应该做而做了……
he should come earlier at that time. 他那时本应该早点来的。
8. go through
a.经历；经受。
he has gone through too many wars. 他已经经受了太多的战争了。
b. 检查，仔细查看。
the teacher has gone through all the *****s. 老师已经批阅了学生的所有试卷。
c. 通过（考试、议案等）
he has gone through the end-of –term exam. 他期末考试过关了。
d. 做完，完成。
i’ve gone through much work. 我完成了很多工作。
get through 顺利通过，穿过；完成；接通**。
i tried ringing you several times yesterday but i couldn’t get through.
昨天我试着给你打了几次**，但都没有打通。
9. set down
a. 记下。
i h**e set down everything that happened. 我已将发生的每件事记了下来。
b. 使坐下，就座。
set the baby down here. 让这个小孩坐在这里。
c. 放下，搁下。
he set down the bag and rested for a while. 他放下袋子，休息了一会儿。
set off 出发，动身；引发，引爆。
set out + to do 出发；着手做。
set up 竖起，建立，创设。
set about ( doing) 着手（做）某事。
10. 强调句。
结构：it is / was +被强调部分+ that / who (如果被强调的部分是人，则可用who 代替that) +其他成分。
yesterday tom lost his watch on the playground. 昨天汤姆在操场上丢了手表。
1. it was yesterday that tom lost his watch on the playground. （强调时间状语）
2. it was tom that / who lost his watch on the playground yesterday. （强调主语）
3. it was his watch that tom lost on the playground yesterday. （强调宾语）
4. it was on the playground that tom lost his watch yesterday. （强调地点状语）
注意：1. 强调句中的it不能用其他词代替，用is 还是was要根据原句时态而定。
属于现在或将来时间的范畴的所有时态（包括：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般将来时），用is；属于过去时间范畴的所有时态 （包括：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时），用was。
2. 被强调部分可以试主语、宾语、状语等成分，但不能强调谓语和定语。 当被强调部分指人时，可以用who代替that,其他情况一律用that。
3. 强调句型的一般疑问句形式是：is / was + it +被强调部分+that+句子其他成分？
was it yesterday that all the members held a meeting in the club?
所有的会员在俱乐部开会就是在昨天是吗？
4. 强调句型的特殊疑问句形式是：疑问词+is /was + it + that + 句子其他成分（陈述语序）？
what is it that joe has found in the washroom? 乔在洗手间究竟发现了什么？
含有not until 的强调句结构：
it is / was not until + 被强调部分 + that +其他成分，that后的谓语动词要用肯定式。
it was not until i came back that he left. =he didn’t le**e until i came back. 直到我回来他才离开。
/ can ( not / never) h**e done 过去（不）可能……，本来（不）能够……
mr. smith can’t h**e gone to beijing, for i saw him in the library just now.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
12. on purpose 故意。
on purpose to do 特意做……
for / with the purpose of … 为了……，抱着……的目的。
i came here on purpose to see you. 我特意来这儿看你。
13. it / this / that is / was the first / second … last time that + sb. +现在完成时 / 过去完成时。
它/这/那是某人第一/二……/最后一次……
it is the first time that i’ve been here. 这是我第一次来这里。
this is the second time that i h**e ever enjoyed this kind of food. 这是我第二次吃这种食品。
14. be / get tired of 对……感到厌倦。
be / get tired from / with … 因……而疲惫。
i’m never tired of drinking tea. 对于茶我百喝不厌。
he is tired from reading. 他读书读累了。
trouble with 在……上有困难/麻烦。
h**e: difficulty ( trouble / problems ) in) doing sth.
difficulty ( trouble / problems ) with sth. 做某事有困难、麻烦。
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