2019新版深圳八年级英语Unit5语法

发布 2022-12-30 00:02:28 阅读 8081

unit5 educational exchanges

现在完成时(一):

现在完成时说明在过去开始延续到现在(并可能延续到将来)的动作,或指过去发生的、与现在还有某种联系的动作。

1、基本结构:

肯定句: 主语 + h**e / has + done + 其它。

eg:she has been to shanghai. 她去过上海。

i h**e finished doing my homework. 我已经完成我的作业了。

否定句: 主语 + h**e / has + not +done + 其它。

eg:i h**en’t seen this film. 我没有看过这部电影。

eg:she hasn’t finished doing his homework. 她还没有完成她的作业。

一般疑问句:h**e / has + 主语 + done + 其它

eg: h**e you seen this film ? yes, i h**e. /no, i h**en’t .

你看过这部电影吗? 是的, 看过。 /不, 没有。

eg:has she finished doing his homework ? yes, she has . no, she hasn’t.

她完成她的作业了吗? 是的, 完成了。 /不, 没有。

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + h**e / has + 主语 + done + 其它。

eg:when has you seen this film ? 你什么时候看的这部电影?

eg:who has finished doing his homework ? 谁完成了作业?

练一练:susan has been in this city for more than ten years.

否定句。一般疑问句(并作回答)

2、用法: 表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

eg: -h**e you had your lunch yet ?你吃过午饭了吗?

---yes, i h**e just had it. 是的, 我刚吃过。(说明现在饱了)

i h**e lost my pen. 我把钢笔弄丢了。(过去某时丢的, 现在还没有找到)

i h**e already watched the tv play。 我已经看过这部电视剧了。

---h**e you found your lost pen yet? 你找到丢失的钢笔了吗?

---no, i h**en’t found it ye。不,我还没有找到。

the car has arrived. 车子来了。(结果:车子已在门口)

someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了。(结果:窗户仍破着)

表示动作或状态在过去已经开始, 持续到现在,可能还将持续下去。

常与for, since表示一段时间的状语或so far,now,today,this week (month,year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语连用。

eg. he has studied english for 5 years.

he has studied english since 2001.

now i h**e finished the work.

since+过去的某个时间点如1993,last term, yesterday, the time i got there

for+一段时间表示“长达多久”,如ten years, a while, two days等。

exercise:

since和for填空。

1) _two years 2two years ago 3last month

4) _1999 5yesterday64 o’clock

7) _4 hours 8an hour ago 9we were children

10) _lunch time 11) _she left here

用since和for填空。

1. jim has been in ireland __monday.

2. jill has been in ireland __three days.

3. his aunt has lived in australia __15 days.

4. mary is in her office. she has been there __7 o'clock.

5. india has been an independent country __1974.

6. the bus is late. they've been waiting __20 minutes.

7. nobody lives in those houses. they h**e been empty __many years.

8. mike has been ill __a long time. he has been in hospital __

注意:表示短暂性动作的词,如come,go,die,marry,buy等的完成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间的词连用(应转换为相应的延续性动词)。

表示持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作,如live,study,be,wait等,常和since(自从)或for(经历)引导的词语连用。

即:当与一段时间连用时, 常用for 加一段时间, 这时谓语动词一定要用延续性的。

eg:i h**e lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。

eg:we h**e lived here since 2000. 自从2024年以来我们一直住在这里。 (说明一直住在这里, 也许还会住下去。)

常用延续性动词与非延续行动词之间的转换:

le**e---be away borrow---keep buy---h**e

begin/start---be on die---be deadfinish---be over

open sth---keep sth open fall ill---be illget up --be up

catch a cold---h**e a cold come here---be here become---be

go there --be there come back---be back put on---wear

get to/ arrive/ reachbe in le**e---be away from

fall asleep---be asleep

eg: he came here three days ago. 他三天前来的这。 (一般过去时)

he has been here for three days. 他来这已经三天了。

(现在完成时与一段时间连用, 非延续性动词变延续性动词。 )

he went to dalian last week. 他上周去的大连。 (一般过去时 )

he has been away for a week. 他已经离开有一周了。 (现在完成时 )

i borrowed the book last month. 我去年借的这本书。 (一般过去时)

i h**e kept the book for a week. 我保管这本书有一周了。(现在完成时3、时间标志性词:

常与already(已经),yet(还没),ever(曾经), never(从未),for + 段时间,since(自从), just(刚刚), before(以前),so far(到目前为止),by now(直到现在),recently(最近),these days,…等连用。already,just多用于肯定句中,ever,yet,never多用于否定句和疑问句中。

现在完成时常用标志性词一览表:

标志性词 meaning 意思,含义 used in 用于 example 例句already 已经

强调某事已经发生肯定句 i h**e already done my homework

yet 已经(疑问句)

还,尚(否定句) 强调某事还未发生否定句/疑问句 i h**e not heard from her yethas millie called yet?

ever曾经。

强调在过去的任何时候疑问句 h**e you ever watched this film?

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