unit 1:一般将来时。
1构成:shall/will+动词原形,其中shall只用于主语为i,we;而will用于任何人称。
2用法:①表示时间未到,动作未发生。
eg.肯:my parents will go shopping tomorrow.
否:my parents won’t go shopping tomorrow.疑:
will your parents go shopping tomorrow?②表示打算、计划去做某事,用am/is/aregoingto+动词原形。eg.
i am going to visit my teacher tomorrow.
3标志词:tomorrow, next week/year, in two years(两年后)4.现在进行时表将来。
come, go, fly, le**e, arrive等短暂性动词用进行时表将来eg:we are le**ing for hong kong next week.
unit 2:情态动词。
1.用法:情态动词表示建议、要求、可能和意愿等。
情态动词后面跟动词原形,情态动词没有人称和数的变化。常用的情态动词有:can,could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, need等。
2. should的用法。
a. should作为助动词shall的过去式,可以在间接引语中与第一人称主语搭配,表示过去将来时间。
b. should作为情态动词,通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务,意为“应该”、“应当”,这时它可以和ought to, be supposed to互换使用,可用于各种时态。
3.情态动词could表示“建议”时不是can的过去式,而表示比can更加委婉的建议。
4.情态动词can, could, shall, should还可以表示“请求,许可”。shall和should用于第一人称,表示征求对方的建议或意见。
unit 3:1:过去进行时。
1)构成:was/were+现在分词(动词-ing)(2)用法:过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
eg.肯: he was h**ing a meeting at this time yesterday.
否:he was not h**ing a meeting at this time yesterday.疑:
was he h**ing a meeting at this time yesterday?(3)标志词:at that time, at this time yesterday,at nine o’clock last night,when i saw him等。
was doing housework when i came in.(4)过去进行时态与一般过去时态的区别:
a.一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
b.过去进行时态强调过去某一时间正在进行的动作。2:when和while的用法。
1)when一般指时间点,从句中的谓语动词用终止性动词,但也可以跟时间段,这时从句中的谓语动词要用延续性动词。eg:when i arrived there, it was raining.
2 ) while意为“正在……时”,表示在某一段时间内某动作或状态是延续的,后面只能跟时间段,而不能用时间点,所以while引导的从句中的谓语动词用延续性动词。
eg:the dog ran out while we were talking.
3 ) when引导的从句的动作和主句的动作既可以同时发生,也可以先后发生;而while强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。
unit 4:直接引语、间接引语。
一:有“”直接引述别人的话———直接引语。
无“”转述别人的话———间接引语二:直引改间引的步骤。
1.引导词①that可省去(陈述句)
if/whether(一般疑问句)
原特殊疑问词(特殊疑问句)
asked/told/ordered sb (not)to do sth(祈使句)
2.引号内的人称:一主二宾三不变。
3.改时态(主句为一般过去时said, asked,told等时态才要变)(1)一般现在时(am/is/are/do/does)→一般过去时(was/were/did)(2)一般将来时(will)→过去将来时(would)(3)现在进行时(am/is/are+动词ing)
过去进行时(was/were+动词ing)4.改单词:看课本第100-101页三:例子。
said,“i will come here tomorrow.”→he said that he would go there the next said,“are you interested in english?”→he asked if i was interested in asked,“how old are you?
”→she asked (me) how old i was.
teacher said to the student,“sit down.”→the teacher asked the students to sit said,“he is from japan.”→linda said that he was from japan.
6.注意:客观真理,时态不变。
he said to me,“the sun is bigger than the moon.”→he told me that the sun is bigger than the moon.
unit 5:if引导的条件状语从句。
一、引导词:条件状语从句通常由连词if(如果,假如)引导,if
引导的句子是从句。
从句) if you study hard,you will get good grades.(主句)
二:位置:if引导的条件状语从句的位置比较灵活,既可以置于句首,也可以置于句末。但放句首时和主句用逗号隔开,反之则不用逗号。
eg:if it rains tomorrow, i will stay at home.
i will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
三、时态(1)如果主句用一般将来时,从句则要用一般现在时表示。
将来。(也就是所谓的“主将从现”)
注意:主句不能用be going to表示将来,而应该用 will go shopping if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
2)如果主句中含有must, may, can等情态动词时,从句也要。
用一般现在时。
eg:if you eat too much, you may get fat.
3)如果主句是祈使句,从句也要用一般现在时。eg:don’t watch tv if you don’tfinish your homework.
四、温馨提示:
宾语从句中的if与条件状语从句if的区别。宾语从句中的if“是否”相当于whether,宾语从句通常位于主句之后。引导宾语从句,时态需根据语境确定。
eg. i don't know if it will rain tomorrow。我不知道明天是否会下雨。
五、句型转换:if从句+主句=祈使句+and/or+一般将来时的陈述句①if you work hard, you will pass the exam.
work hard, and you’ll pass the exam.(努力学习,你将会通过考试。)②if you don’t get up early, you will be late.
get up early, or you will be late.(早点起床,否则你将会迟到。)
unit 6:现在完成进行时。
1.定义:表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到现在的动作。
这个动作可能刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。2.结构:
h**e/ has been +现在分词。
3.标志词:for two weeks, since 2000, all this morning, these fewyears等。
4. since与for用于现在完成进行时的区别:since用来说明动作的起始时间,所以后跟表示某一时间点的名词性短语。
for用来说明动作延续时间,所以后跟表示一段时间的名词性短语5.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别a.现在完成时强调动作的完成情况。
b.现在完成进行时侧重强调动作的持续性unit7:英语中的委碗请求及回答。
1:could/would you please (not)+do sth…?
请你(不要)…好吗?(1)肯定回答:sure.
/certainly./of course.(2)否定回答:
sorry…/i’m afraid not.2:would /do you mind (not) doing sth?
你介意(不)…
1)肯定回答(介意)——sorry…
2)否定回答(不介意)——no,not at all(一点也不)
ok,i’ll do it right away/in a minute(马上)
sorry,i won’t do it again.
you mind +形容词性物主代(my,,her,their)+doing sth?你介意某人做某事吗?
eg. would you mind my smoking here?
unit 8
1.感叹句:what引导名词,how引导形容词或副词。
句式:①what + a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!例如:
what a beautiful girl she is!
what +形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!例如:what fine weather it is!
how +形容词/副词+主语+谓语!例如:how fine the weather is!
2.表示建议:(1)三问①why don’t you /why not+动原…?
(为什么不…)②what/how about+名词/动词ing…?(怎么样)③shall we/i …?我们/我做……好吗?
(2)两祈①let’s do…/let us do…让我们做…吧。②you’d better (not) do…你最好(不)做…(3)一应该:用should(应该)来向别人提出建议。
unit 9 :现在完成时现在完成时。
1)构成:助动词h**e/has+过去分词。
2)用法①表示“已经”
eg.肯:she has finished her homework.
否:she hasn’t finished her homework.疑:
has she finished her homework?②表示动作一直在延续(动词为延续性)
h**e lived heresince1999. (时间点)=i h**e lived herefor13 years.(时间段)③到某地去h**e/has been to (去过,已回)h**e/has gone to (去了,没回)eg.
my father has been to beijing three father isn’t here. he has gone to beijing.(3)标志语:
already, just, ever, never, yet, once(从前,曾经),twice, before, for two weeks, since 1990, since two years ago等。(4)在现在完成时态中,后接一段时间,短暂性动词变为延续性动词。buy—h**e hadborrow—h**e keptbecome—h**e beenmake friends—h**e been friendsdie—h**e been deadjoin—h**e been in/ h**e been a member of
begin/start to do—h**e donebegin/start—h**e been onunit 10:附加疑问句(由陈述句加上一个简短问句,前肯后否,前否后肯)
1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句,如:
open the door,will you?/won’t you?1) let's...
后的反意疑问句用shall we?2)let us..后的反意疑问句用will you?
2.当陈述部分含i think (believe, suppose...that...
结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致,注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。如:i think he is right, isn’t he?
3.当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时:few, little, seldom,hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。
如。few people are here, are they?
4.陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。如:
everything is ok,isn’t it?5.陈述部分是there be句型时,其反意疑问句中要用be there。
如:there is an orange on the desk, isn’t there?
6.陈述部分有had better时,反意疑问句中要用hadn't。如:
we had better help her, hadn’t we?7.当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,我们便要分析一下must的含义。
如果must作“一定;要;必须”讲,反意疑问句须用mustn't或needn't;而当must作推测意义“一定是;必定”讲时,反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选用相应的形式。
如:i must do my homework,needn’t i ?she must be a student, isn’t she?
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