八年级英语上语法总结。
module 1 wonders of the world
key words: wonder, review, ancient, grade, call, event, natural, reply, rise, huge, height, disappear, attract
key phrases: what’s happening? listen up.
that’s news to me. do some reviews, do an interview, that’s a fantastic idea!
in five minutes, look over, too…to, look down, at the bottom of, look across, not…but, look forward to, thousands of, write down , on the edge of.
key grammar: 复习一般现在时， 一般过去时， 现在进行时， 过去进行时，一般将来时， 现在完成时。
module 2 great books.
key words: influence, respect, wise, funeral, social, dead, pleased, alive ,monthly
key phrases: live with , run away , get lost, be to do with, as far as, not … any more , millions of , talk about
key grammar: 被动语态。
构成：s + be 动词 + 动词的过去分词 +（by +动作执行者）
被动语态的句型：肯定句：s+ be + by
否定句：s+ be not +
一般疑问句：be + s + by
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ be + s + by
module 3 sporting life.
key words: allow, defeat, against, encourage, record, represent, award, tough
key phrases: stand for, be mad with, first of all, set; up, be compared with, be encouraged to do
key grammar: 一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态。
结构： 时态主动语态被动语态。
一般现在时 do/doesis/ am/ are+ done
一般过去时 didwas/ were + done
一般将来时will/ be going to will/ be going to be+done
module 4 great inventions
key words: advantage, digital, battery, charge, publish, ordinary, replace, produce, create, spread, dry
key phrases: digital camera, see to, look through, at a time, by hand, rather than, at the beginning of , be made from, as a result, in a way,
key grammar: 现在完成时和情态动词的被动语态。
结构：时态现在完成时肯定形式： s+ has/h**e been done
否定形式：s+ has/h**e not been done
疑问形式：has/h**e + s+ been done
情态动词肯定形式：s+can/could/must be done
否定形式：s+ can/could/ must not be done
疑问形式：can/could/must +s + be done?
module 5 museums
key words: familiar attention, upstairs, guard, downstairs, unusual, obey, communication, store, speed
key phrases: pay attention to, as well, work out, try out, above all, drop in , as… as
key grammar: 合成词构成。
1 名词+名词= 名词 website, homework, basketball
2 副词+名词=形容词或副词 upstairs, downstairs
3 副词+动词= 动词 download
4 名词+ 形容词=形容词 world-famous, homesick
module 6 s**e our world
key words: waste, energy, recycle, environmental, reusable, hopeless, reduce, reuse, necessary, repair, instead, harm, join, normal, scientific, communicate,key phrases: throw away, instead of , do harm to, make a difference to, be careful about, change…into, a number of, be made up of
key grammar: 前缀，后缀构词法。
前缀：re-, in(m)-,un-, dis- ,anti-,
如：rewrite, reuse, recycle, incorrect, impossible, impolite, untrue, unhealthy, uncomfortable, dishonest,
disagree, dislike, disappear
后缀：-able, -ful, -less
如：lovable ,useful, beautiful ,careless, useless
module 7-10. key words: detail, relative, similar, wine, spirits, surfing, coast, bright, temper, lifestyle, ancestor, fantastic expect, include, private, experience, interest, beh**e, persuade, educate, typical
key phrases: h**e a look at, similar to, be surprised at, at once, as soon as, on the left/right, even though, h**e a word with ,with the heart of
key grammar: 定语从句（that, which, who, whom whose,引导）
定义：在从句中做定语成分。
例句： photos that i took on my trip are on the desk.
2. the photo which we liked best was taken by zhaomin.
3. his father is the person who will be most happy.
you know mr zhang whom they like very much?
is the only student in our class whose
father is a policeman.
that 和which 在从句中可以做主语，宾语。
who 在从句中做主语，做宾语时用whom
当在从句中做宾语时引导词that 和which，whom可以省略。
module 11 population
key words: population, crowed, increase ,smoke, vision
add, cure, crime, increasing
key phrases: along with, thanks to, add to, in the distance, in the centre of, protect…from,
key grammar: 冠词与数字。
不定冠词：a， an
定冠词： the
专有名词前，独一无二的事物前，表示某某一家人时都要用the。
零冠词用于不可数名词和可数名词用复数表示泛指时。
module 12 summer in la
key words: accommodation, progress, arrange, various, organize, extra, wooden, contact, well-trained,experienced
key phrases: make progress, place of interest, fill in
check in,key grammar: 主谓一致。
1 语法主谓一致注意两个情况：
1）由and 连接两个名词时，谓语动词用复数。
2）either,each, every,no + 单数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
2 意义主谓一致。
1）表示金钱，时间，距离等的名词按单数对待。
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