八年级英语（下）语法知识总结。
一、 “系动词+形容词” 系表结构。
1. 表示状态的系动词：be( is, am, are, was, were)，look(看起来), sound（听起来）, taste( 尝起来)，smell(闻起来)，fell(感觉，摸起来), seem(似乎)，keep(保持), stay（保持）。
i am fine. 我很好。 you look excited. 你看起来很兴奋。
who cooked the chicken? it __so nice.--my mom.
a. looks b. fees c. tastes d. sounds
注：seem 好像似乎， 其用法为：
seem+ 形容词如：you seem happy.
seem + to do sth. 如：they seem to know everything.
seem + that 宾语从句如：it seems that they know everything.
2. 表示转变或结果的系动词：get, turn, go(变), become, grow.
如： the weather is getting warm. 天气正变暖。
the food goes bad. you can`t eat it. 这食物变坏了，你不能吃。
二、 由because引导的原因状语从句。
because 意为因为，由于。 because 引导的句子通常用来回答why引导的问句或用来引导原因状语从句。
如：because it was wet, he took a taxi.
why are`t you going with us? -because i h**e a bad cold.
练习题：he didn`t go to school___he had a headache.
a. so b. because c. but d. that
he cried because his dog died.( 对划线部分提问)
he cry?
三、 由as…as…, not as/ so…as…构成的同级比较。
1.“a+动词+as+形容词/ 副词原级+ b “ 意为a和b一样…
she is as active as her friends. 她和她的朋友一样活跃。
he jumps as high as jim. 他和吉姆跳得一样高。
2. a+ 动词+not as/ so + 形容词/ 副词原级+ as+ b “a不如b….”
a+ 动词+形容词/ 副词比较级+than + b “ a比b…”
jack doesn`t run as fast as jack.=tom runs faster than jack.
练习题：maria is br**er than helen.( 同意句转换)
mariahelen.
四、 使役动词make, let 的用法。
make+ 宾语+ 形容词/ 名词/ 动词原形。
the game made them excited.
the students make him monitor.
sad movies always makes jane cry.
练习题： he made us __
a. laugh b. to laugh c. laughing
let sb.(not) do sth.
my mother lets me play computer games.
my mother doesn`t let me play computer games.
五、 动词不定式。
he decided to live in france. decide (not) to do sth. 不定式做宾语。
your task is to find out the cost by train. 不定式作表语。
it is hard to answer your question. 不定式作主语。
to answer your question is hard.
he ran so fast to catch the first bus. 不定式作目的状语。
不定式短语。
invite sb to do sth tell sb(not) to do sth ask sb (not) to do sth
advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 the best way to do sth 等。
练习题：shopping with me?
--i`d love to. _i h**e a lot of clothes___
a. and; to wash b. and; washing
c. but; to wash d. but; washing
s**e) people is not only my duty but also my task.
六、 由after, before, when, not…until, till, while, as, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句。一般情况下，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；主句是过去时态，从句也要用相应的过去时态。
while 引导的时间状语从句，用于进行时。
如： the accident happened while we were h**ing dinner.
it began to rain when he got home.
don`t get off the bus until it has stopped.
i will ring you as soon as i arrive in beijing.
练习题：it was raining___i arrived at the station.
a. as b. while c. when d. as soon as
you arrive in new york. you must call me.( 用as soon as 合成一句)
七、 表示方位的介词 in , on, to
in 表示在某范围之内。
shanghai lies in the east of china. (上海属于中国范围)
on 表示两地接壤。
heilongjiang is on the north of jilin .(黑龙江与吉林省相接壤)
to 表示在范围之外，两地不接壤。
japan is to the east of china.
fujian is __the southeast of china, and taiwan is __the southeast of fujian.
a. in; to b. to; in c. to; to d. in; on
八、 if 引导的条件状语从句。
if 意为“如果，要是，假如”，由if 引导的条件状语从句，若主句是将来时，祈使句或含有情态动词时，从句常用一般现在时。
如：if you are ill, you must go to see the doctor.
i`ll go to see a film if i h**e time.
please ring me up if you want to go with me.
ask for help. you are in trouble.( 用if 合成一句)
九、 宾语从句。
1. that 引导的宾语从句其主句的谓语动词主要是 think, hope, know, say, see, tell, believe, wish, hear, feel 或be afraid, be sure, be glad, be worried, be angry, be happy.
如：i know (that) she is a teacher.
i am sure (that) you are right.
i didn`t think (that) was wrong yesterday.
2. if/ whether 引导的宾语从句意为“是否，是不是”， 宾语从句用陈述语序，if / whether 可以互换，但不可以省略。
当句子中含有or not 时，只能用whether.
如：i don`t know whether / if he will be late.
i don`t know whether or not it rains.
练习题：could you tell me __he will come or not?
a. if b. that c. whether d. /
3. 主句谓语动词为一般过去时态的宾语从句。
若主句是过去时，从句谓语动词的时态就要变成相应的过去时态，即：一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，一般将来是变为过去将来时。
如：jim said that it was very cold in moscow.
mary told me (that) she was working hard on her chinese.
he asked when they would visit the farm.
练习：i heard that you __h**e) a cold.
kangkang said the moviebe ) wonderful .
4. 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句
疑问词包括疑问代词（what, which, who, whose, whom）和疑问副词（ when, how, where, why）
如：can you tell me where they are?
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