初中英语复习。
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动词各时态结构,标志,基本用法。
以“watch”为例,七种时态结构举例(肯定句)
一般现在 itv every night. hetv every night
一般过去 itv last night
一般将来 itv tomorrow evening.
itv tomorrow evening.
现在进行 itv now
过去进行 itv at that moment.
现在完成 itv already
过去完成 itv by eleven last night.
否定句或疑问句。
一般现在主语 + don’t/doesn’t +动原。
do/does +主语 +动原。
一般过去主语 + didn’t +动原。
did +主语 + 动原。
一般将来主语 + won’t + 动原。
will +主语 + 动原。
现在进行主语 + am not /isn’t /aren’t +ving
am/ is/ are +主语 +ving
过去进行主语 + wasn’t/ weren’t + ving
was/ were +主语 +ving
现在完成主语 + hasn’t/ h**en’t+过去分词。
h**e/ has +主语 +过去分词。
过去完成主语 + hadn’t +过去分词。
had +主语 +过去分词。
一).一般现在时。
时间状语(时态标志)
a:频率副词:always ;usually; often; sometimes; once a week,twice a year, etc.
b: in the + 一天三段。
c: every + 时间名词
d: on + 一周七天或一周七天 + 一天三段。
e:on + 一周七天的复数 = every + 一周七天。
用法。1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作 。
i le**e home for school at 7 every morning.
his father always takes a walk after supper
2.表示目前的状态、能力、性格、个性。
i don't want so much. he works in an office.
his father likes dumplings very much.
3.用于表示客观真理,客观存在,科学事实;格言或警句中。
the earth moves around the sun. shanghai lies in the east of china.
light tr**els faster than sound. pride goes before a fall.
注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
columbus proved that the earthbe)round.
4.在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,一般现在时代替一般将来时。
i'll help you as soon as you h**e problem.
tell xiao li about it if you meet him.
go camping if itbe) fine tomorrow.
until her mothercome) back next week.
it __rain), we won’t go to the park.
应用。一般现在时各语气的基本句型结构。
思考---将下列变为否定句和一般疑问句。
they clean their classroom every day.
she helps her mother on weekends.
用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. my parents __work) five days a week.
2. li lei __go) to work on foot
3. the sun __rise) in the east
4. a bikenot run) as fast as a car.
5. wenot like) such a kind of men.
6. _le**es___fall) in winter
7. _the sun __go) down in the west?
8. what __you usually __do) on sundays?
9. how often __you __watch) tv
二).现在进行时。
时间状语(时态标志)
a:now;right now;at this moment etc.
b: 句首提示词:look! listen
c:前句: it’s + 时刻。下句马上叙述一个动作。
用法。1. 表示说话者说话时正发生或者进行的动作;它注重现在正在进行的动作,而不管动作从什么时间开始,到什么时间结束。
what are you doing now?
i am looking for my key.
listen! how wonderfully the girlsing).
look! the childrenplay) happily.
the studentsh**e) an exam at the moment.
2.表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作(但说话时这个动作不一定在进行)。
the students are preparing for the examination this week .
we___get) ready for the art festive these days.
theystudy) hard this term.
the workerspick) apples on the farm these days.
注意】有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态。
表示状态的动词,尤其是静态动词,如:be, h**e (有)
表示认识、知觉和情感的动词,如:
know(知道), think(认为), hear(听见), find(发现), see(看见), like(喜欢), want(想要), wish(希望), prefer (更喜欢)等。
i am not h**ing so much money now. w
i don’t h**e so much money now. r
a meeting now
the boycry) hard. helook) for his mother
read) now. hehelp) his parents
4. -what __you___do) these day
-iwrite) an important article.
5.--you __cook) in the kitchen, mum?i am so hungry
--no, iwash) the clothes
三).一般将来时。
时间状语(时态标志)
a: tomorrow / 一天三段
b: next + 时间名词。
c: in + 一段时间。
d: the day after tomorrow / the week after next / the month…/ the year….
e: at once, later on, soon, in a moment, from now on
f: 凡是说话时没到来的年,月,日,时刻。
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