高考英语语法精要讲解一:名词。
1、在句子里使用名词应注意的问题。
名词的数:单数、复数和不可数;
名词的格:通格和属格(’s)
名词的限定:特指、泛指、数量和习惯用法,即名词前加冠词或。
其它限定词,例如:some,many,this,my等
2、名词的数和单位词。
1)复型名词+复数动词
备用词:shoes,stockings,glasses,socks
notice:apairofglassescostsquitealot.
2)复型名词+单数动词
备用词:mathematics,physics,politics,means,works,theunitedstates
备用词:fivepounds,twofeet,sixweeks
3)集合名词+复数名词
thepoliceh**esurroundedthebuilding.
cattlearesellingforrecordprice(创记录).
备用词:theenemy,(the)people
notice:表示由若干人组成的集合体的单数词常可作复数用,
但若把这个集合体看作整体就用作单数:
thefamilywhichnowconsistsoffourmembersatmostis smallerthanitusedtobe.
4)不可数名词作可数的情况
a.部分不可数名词可以有下列情况
a(an)+adj.+n.
求知欲) ahe**yrainhehasagoodknowledgeofpolitics.
备用词:snow,breakfast,wine,oil,education
b.口语特例(特定场合)
a(one)beer,please.
twoteasandfourcoffees,please.
5)既是可数又是不可数的名词
ibrokeaglassthismorning.(杯子)
glassismadefromsand.(玻璃)
备用词:*****/a*****,light(光)/alight(灯);
ice(冰)/anice(冰激凌),chicken(鸡肉)/achicken(雏鸡)
6)单位词
a.个数 apieceofinformation(furniture,advice…)
b.以形状表示个数
agrainofrice,aflightofstairs
c.容量 aboxofmatches,acupoftea
d.计量 ametreofcloth,atonofcoal
e.其它 a(new)setoftools(wires,teeth,rules)
3、名词的格:
1)’s的用法
a.与时间有关的名词
anight’ssleeptenminutes’walk
notice:atwo-hourwalk=twohours’walk
b.和else连用
bookcanthisbe?
(a) c.‘s修饰的词,如果前面提到,可省略
thisisjack’sbook,nottom’s.
thisbookisjack’snottom’s.
d.表示店、铺、家、诊所等,‘s后面的名词省略
atthegreen’s(house),atthedoctor’s(office)
2)of结构表示所有关系
a.无生命的名词用of
thepriceofthesuccess
b.有生命的名词被一个短语或从句修饰而表示所有关系时用of
can’tyoulookatthebookoftheboybehindyou?
3)双重所有格
‘s与of结构并用,此时of结构所修饰的名词前通常有a,an,two,some,that等
misssmithisafriendofmary’smother’s.
thatbrotherofthegirl
4)名词+名词(名词用作形容词)
a.单数名词+名词 ashoe(flower)shopticketoffice
notice:thetailor’s(shop)
b.复数名词 + 名词
sportsmeetclothesshopwomenpilots
高考英语语法精要讲解二:数词。
1、数词在使用时应注意的问题。
易错数词:
年月日及介词
计算用词 和数字相关的词
2、综合。1)数字表达:
onehundredandtwenty-threemillion,eighthundredandfifty-sixthousand,sevenhundredandnine
2)年月日。
inthemorning;onthemorningofseptember1;
inseptember;in1988;onseptember1(onthefirstofseptember)
3、计算。+ sixandfiveis(are)eleven.
sixhundredplusfortyis(equals)sixhundredandforty.
- fourfromsevenis(le**es)three.
sixhundredminusonehundredequalsfivehundred.
x16x11=176
sixteentimeselevenis(makes)onehundredandseventy-six.
ninedividedbythreeequalsthree.
4、dozen,score
5、小数,分数,百分比引导的短语作主语时的主谓一致问题.
分数和百分数引导的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数应根据分数和百分数后面的名词来确定.如果是可数名词的复数,其谓语动词用复数形式;如果是不可数名词或单数可数名词其谓语动词用单数形式.
morethan40percentofthestudentswearglasses.
70percentodthefund(资金)wassuppliedbythegovernment.
6、“一个半...的表达法.
onepoundandahalf,oneandahalfyears
1、冠词应注意的问题。
习惯用法 同一名词前不同名词的比较
2、不定冠词。
1) 成对的名词(此类名词间常有一种自然的联系)
a knife and fork
2) a most + n. “非常“
this is a most beautiful country.
3) a (an) 与 one 之区别
a. 数字对比用one
it was one coffee we ordered, not two.
b. 对比。
a knife is no good. (刀子不行)
one knife is no good. (一把刀子不行)
c. 通用。
a (one) million, a (one) quarter
4) a (an) 与every 之比较:
three times a year;
twice every three years
5) 惯用法。
a. what a surprise ! what a lovely dress !
quite a nice day rather a good idea
such a funny expression
b. too cold a dayhow lovely a dress!
so strange a person as good a map as
3、定冠词。
1)普通名词组成的专有名词 the great wall the summer palace
2)江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾the pacific (ocean)
3)the + adj. (ing; -ed)
a. 指一类人,谓语用复数
the old are being taken good care of.
b. 指一类事,谓语用单数
the beautiful is not always the same as the good.
4)用在radio, piano, telephone, 方位、次序、自然现象(rain)、身体
部位前he hates the telephone.
5)被定语从句、介词短语、副词短语、不定式短语等修饰的名词前
the boy who you are looking for (in blue, there, standing there,
dressed in blue ) is a student.
4、零冠词。
1)街道、广场、节假日、季节、月份、星期、棋类、球类等
national day
nanjing road
2)职位充当补语、同位语时
he was elected headmaster of the school.
3)成对出现的成语
arm in arm (手挽手), hand in hand (手牵手), face to face,
side by side(肩并肩), day and night, young and old,
from door to door, from morning till night, from beginning to end
5、冠词比较。
1)go to school (hospital, church); in prison (强调用途)
go to the school, visit the prison (强调建筑物本身)
2) i’ll go there next friday. (以说话时间为准)
in 1989, he was 28, and the next year, he was 29. (以所给时间为准)
3) by air (plane, boat…)
in a spaceship ( on the bike, on the bus)
4) open the window to let in fresh air. (泛指)
the air in the room is not fresh. (特指)
5) be at table
be at the table
6) a cup of coffee
two coffees, please. i like white coffee.
this is a very good coffeethe coffee on the table is tom’s.
7) mr. white is waiting to see you.
a mr. white is waiting to see you.
the mr. white you are looking for is waiting to see you.
8) a horse is a useful animal. the horse is a useful animal.
horses are useful animals.
9) the best season of the yearthe best time of year
1、多个人称代词的排列顺序。
①you and i
②he and i
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