2010届上海市中考英语语法精讲。
第一章英语动词时态。
tenses)
英语时态是英语语法中的第一道难关，攻下此难关是作文、阅读、口语之关键。汉语用不同词表达相应时态，而英语用同一词的不同变化形式表达时态。
一、一般现在时：
1．构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。
1）直接加“s”，works，takes
2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”
carry → carries
3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”
goes dresses watches brushes
2．功能：1）表现在的事实、状态或动作：
eg: birds fly.
she loves music.
mary's parents get up very early.
2）表习惯性动作或职业，常与often，sometimes，usually，always，every week，seldom，occasionally，frequently等时间副词连用。
eg: i always take a walk after supper.
she writes to me very often.
tom and his girlfriend go out to take a picnic occasionally.
the earth moves round the sun.
the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
two and two makes four.
no man but errs. 人非圣贤，熟能无过。
a．在由when，after, before，as，as soon as，although，because，if，even if，in case，till，until，unless，so long as，where，whatever，wherever 等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。
**重点，所有考试都不放过它！）
例如： i'll tell her when she comes tomorrow.
even if it rains this afternoon, i'll meet you.
whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed. （不错的句型，背下！！）
i'll be right here waiting for you wherever you go.（很感人的句型！）
b．按，用一般现在时概念。
the play begins at 6:30 this evening.
when does the plane take off?
he le**es for that city next week.
according to the timetable, the express train to shanghai starts at nine in the morning. （按照时刻表，开往上海的特快列车早上 7 点出发。）
测试精编：1. the brownsa nice car and brown's brothera nice jeep.
a. h**e / h**e b. has / has c. h**e / has d. has / h**e
2. if their housenot like ours, whatit look like?
a. is / isb. is / does c. does / does d. does / is
3you think he will come? -if ittomorrow, he will not come.
a. do / rains b. are / rains c. do / will rain d. are / will rain
4. the little childnot even know that the moonaround the earth.
a. do / move b. do / moves c. does / moves d. did / moved
5. many a studentfond of films, but a good student seldomto the cinema
a. are / goes b. is / goes c. are / go d. is / go
二．现在进行时：is / am / are + 现在分词。
1．表示正在进行的动作。如。
the kettle is boiling. shall i make tea?
don't you think you eat too much? you're putting on weight（体重增加）。
the workers are building a new bridge across the river.
2．表正进行的动作。
he is taking physics this semester（本学期）。
we are preparing for our final examination this week.
3．go, come, le**e, arrive, land, meet, die, start, return, join, etc. 用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。
look! the bus is coming.看！车来了！
the old man is seriously ill, and he is dying.
alice is le**ing for beijing with her mother.
4．与 always, forever, continually, constantly 等副词连用，表示说话人带有感**彩：赞赏或厌恶。
he is always thinking of others.（他总是想着别人。）
the boy is continually ****** noises.（这男孩不断地发出吵闹声。）
the teacher is constantly (always) criticizing her for being late.（老师一直在批评她迟到。）
5．此条戒律请背 10遍！！！
believe（相信），doubt（怀疑），see（看见），hear（听见） ，know（知道），understand （理解），belong（属于），think（认为），consider（认为），feel（觉得），look（看起来）， seem（看上去），show（显示），mind（介意），h**e（有），sound（听起来），taste（尝起来）， require（要求），possess（拥有），care（关心），like（喜欢），hate（讨厌），love（喜爱）， detest（憎恨），desire（意欲）
简单记忆】：
永远不要说i'm believing...或he is seeing a house. 再简单一点说，这些动词后面不要随意加-ing.
可怕的是：我们在写作及口语中常犯此类大错！
注意：h**e a party / think about可以用进行时，因为这里h**e意为“举行”；think意为“考虑”。
测试精编：1. how can youif you are not
a. listening / hearingb. hear / listening
c. be listening / heardd. be hearing / listening to
girl even won't h**e her lunch before sheher homework.
a. will finishb. is finishing
c. had finishedd. finishes
3. those who h**e applied for the post（职位in the office.（此题超前）
a. are being interviewedb. are interviewing
c. interviewingd. to be interviewing
4. the old scientistto do more for the country.
a. is wishingb. has been wishing
c. wishesd. has been wished
5. if hedon't wake him up.
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