中考二轮复习——第2讲、动词分类与谓语动词（讲义）
知识点睛】一、动词种类。
情态动词用法：
没有人称和数的变化；
不能单独作谓语，后面必须接动词原形构成谓语部分；
变否定，情态动词后直接加not；
变疑问，情态动词直接提前。
can & could
表he can speak english.
he could ride a bike when he was 7.
he is so young that he can’t look after himself.
he couldn’t write when he was only 2.
i will be able to speak german fluently someday.
表can you pass me some *****?
could you please tell me where the bookstore is?
you can go now.
表who is singing in the next room? is it lucy?
it can’t be her. she has gone to new york.
may & might
表may i know your name?
might i know your name?
yes, you
no, you
you may go now.
表she may know the answer, but i’m not sure.
h**e you decided where to go for your weekend?
not yet. we may go to qingdao.
must & h**e to
the movie is boring. i must go now.
drivers must wear the safety belt when driving. this is the traffic rule.
my mother called me. i h**e to go now.
dad, must i practice the piano today?
yes, you
no, youno, you don’t h**e to. you may do it tomorrow.
you mustn’t nip off the flowers.
you don’t h**e to be in a hurry.
（没必要）表whose notebook is this?
it must belong to tom. i saw he used it just now.
he must h**e known the truth.
need you need not get here early.
need i repeat it?
yes, youno, you
she needs a dictionary to help her study.
i need to make a phone call.
the room needs cleaning.
情态动词表推测——一肯，一否，三个不一定。
whose notebook is this?
it must belong to tom. i saw he used it just now.
who is singing in the next room? is it lucy?
it can’t be her. she has gone to new york.
she may/might/could know the answer, but i’m not sure.
情态动词+现在完成时。
1、表对过去的猜测、可能性
must h**e done“一定做了…”用于肯定句，语气最强。
the light is off. he must h**e slept.
may/ might h**e done可能做了…，语气弱，可能性小。其否定式意为“可能不…”，如：he might not h**e been in.
他可能不在家。might比may可能性更小。
can (could) not h**e done“不可能做了…”，语气强，can, could也可用于疑问句，表可能性，如：could he h**e left?
2、表示虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，“本来应该”而“没有…”。
should (ought to) h**e done. 本来应该做，而没做到如：
you should h**e asked him for help. (事实上没求他帮忙)
could h**e done 本来能够…，如：he could h**e passed the exam. (结果没通过)
might h**e done 本来可以…
needn’t h**e done 本来没必要…
you needn’t h**e taken a taxi. it is not far. (事实上坐出租车了)
had better h**e done sth. 用于事后的建议，含轻微的责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”。
表示would rather h**e done sth.“当时宁愿做了某事”，表示“后悔”的意思。
should, ought to, could, might, had better, would rather也可用于否定句式，意思与上述在肯定句中的意思正好相反。
二、时态。一）时态分类。
二）各个时态的用法（详细用法请参考附录1）
一般现在时：反复性规律性经常性、客观事实真理、主将从现。
一般过去时：过去的动作或状态、过去经常或习惯。
一般将来时：将来的动作或状态、计划打算、现进表将来。
过去将来时：从过去某一时刻看将来、主过从过(would + v.)
现在进行时：此时此刻、现阶段。
过去进行时：过去某一时刻(段)正在进行、过去频繁发生。
现在完成时：过去发生影响现在、过去发生持续现在将来。
过去完成时：过去的过去。
___the film before?
yes. i __it the day before yesterday.
a. h**e you seen; saw
b. did you see; h**e seen
c. h**e you seen; h**e seen
d. h**e you seen; was seeing
三）易混时态区分：一般过去时vs现在完成时。
see) the film the day before yesterday ?
yes, isee) it already. it is really interesting.
四）完成时态中瞬间动词变延续性动词汇总。
瞬间动词___有/无）现在完成时用法；当瞬间动词用于现在完成时中，并与连用时，需要将瞬间动词转换成相应的延续性动词。
your sister looks very happy!
yeah, she has finally bought the dress she wants most.
wow, your watch looks nice. is it new?
no, ibuy) it since 3 years ago.
将下列瞬间动词转换为相应的延续性动词：
closecomego
finishdieput on
losejoinget up
buyborrowopen
le**efall asleep
wake uparrive/reach
start/begincatch a cold
三、语态。一）主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态：动作的作主语。i bought a book.
被动语态：动作的作主语。a book was bought by me.
二）被动语态用法。
1. 不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。
2. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。
3. 动作的发出者不是人。
三）被动语态基本结构。
四）各种时态下主动语态、被动语态构成。
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