江西省南昌市青山湖区罗家一中。
涂淑梅。对于初中英语学习者来说,动词是最难学的一个实词类别。纵观历届中考命题,有关动词的内容占的比例相当大,它常常与时态、语态,语境交流等诸方面结合起来进行综合测试。
通过研读中考试题,我们会发现常考的英语动词有以下一些:
一、“使/让”概念的动词。
2013重庆,38]he lost his made him___in the cold to wait for hiswife’s return.
a. to stay b. 分析]选d。make之后要求跟省略to的不定式作宾补。
归纳]这类动词常见的有:h**e , let , make , get , keep , drive , send , le**e ,cause等,它们后边分别可跟不定式、分词、形容词、介词短语、名词等作宾语补足语。
如:i felt sorry to h**e kept you waiting for me so long.对不起,让你久等了。(跟现在分词)
passing planes are slowly driving me mad.
过往的飞机逐渐要把我逼疯。(跟形容词)
she got her ears pieced last week.她上个星期打耳洞了(跟过去分词)loud music just makes me want to le**e.大声的**只会使我想要离开。
(跟省to的不定式)
二、考查不定式作宾补,不定式符号省略或保留的动词。
2013北京,31]our teacher often asks us __questions in b. to discuss c. discussing d.
discussed[分析]
选b。ask后跟带to的不定式作宾补。
2013江西,38]lucy is would not invite her classmates __dancingwith b. practices c. practicing d.
to practice[分析]选d。invite后跟带to的不定式做宾补。
2013广东广州,17]i always tell my students___on the road because it’sreally dangerous.
to play play not playing play[分析]选a。tell后跟带to的不定式做宾补,其否定在to前加not。
归纳]常见的带to的不定式作宾补的动词有:ask,tell,want,wouldlike,wish,like,teach等;
省略to的不定式作宾补的动词有:see, watch, hear, feel, notice, listen to, lookat等感官动词及表示使役概念的h**e,let,make等。这类动词在变为被动语态时,其后的不定式符号to需补上。
三、考查只跟不定式作宾语的动词。
2013河北,39]the children decide __their schoolyard this fridayafternoon.
b. to cleanc. cleaning d. cleaned
分析]选a。decide后跟带to的不定式作宾语。
2013天津,30]he promised __his old friend during his stay in tianjin.
b. seeing c. saw d. to see[分析]选d。promise后跟带to的不定式作宾语。
归纳]此类动词教材中常见有want, wish, hope, manage, promise, refuse, pretend, plan,offer, decide, agree, expect等。
又如:he refused to take any money.他拒绝收取分文。
i hope to achieve my dream.我希望实现我的梦想。
四、只接动名词作宾语的动词。
2013福建福州,39]--nick,would you mind __out of the bathroom?
won’t be b. to 分析]选c。mind后只能跟动名词,不跟不定式。
2013上海,48]the retired couple enjoy __always go out withtheir cameras.
take 分析]选d。enjoy后只能跟动名词,不跟不定式。
归纳]此类动词教材中常见的有:appreciate , suggest , complete , finish , enjoy ,imagine , mind , miss , practice , keep , excuse , **oid ,pardon ,allow等。
如:i appreciate her devoting herself to the cause of education .我非常钦佩她献身教育的精神。
又如:do you mind my asking a question ?我问你一个问题你不会介意吧?
形式主动,意义被动的词常见的有:work , open , close , write , cut , look ,teach , operate , run , keep , burn , last等,此类词的主语常为物,而且还常与表示表示特征、状况、行为、方式的副词well , easily , long等连用。
如:the clothing sells well .this kind of fruit can keep long .五、考查既跟不定式又能跟动名词的动词。
2012上海,41]stop __about the think about what we can do toimprove it
complain 分析]选c。stop后既可跟不定式,又可跟动名词。跟不定式表示:“停下来去做某事”,跟动名词表示“停止做某事”。
归纳]有些动词后既可跟不定式又可跟动名词,意义上无多大区别,常用的有:love ,like , hate , prefer , start , intend , continue等。
如:i intend to finish / finishing the task this morning .有些动词后既可跟不定式,又可跟动名词,但意义上有区别,常用的有forget ,remember , mean , stop , try等。
如:i forgot to close the window .我忘记了要关窗户。
i forgot closing the window .我忘记了已关了窗户。
六、行为动词充当系动词的词。
2012天津,40]the cloth __very soft and comfortable.
c. feels
分析]选c。feel是系动词,后跟形容词作表语。
归纳]这类动词不能单独构成动词词组,其后须带有表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、v-ing、v-ed)构成表语结构。教材中常见的有:feel , sound , taste ,look , smell , seem , appear , become , turn , grow , make , go , run , keep ,stay等。
如:it sounded like a train that was going under my home .听起来像有火车在我房子下面飞驰而过。
keep fit , study hard and work well .身体好,学习好,工作好。
七、考查构成固定短语的“短语动词”
2013江苏南京,11]--what’s wrong with you,eric?you look tired.
---i___to prepare for the final exam last up up up up[分析]选c。pick up拾起,捡起;wake up唤醒,醒来。
tay up熬夜,不睡觉;
put up张贴,搭建。
2013河北,41]please __the water when you brush your teeth.
a.take down up away off[分析]选d。take down写下,记下。
turn up调大;take away拿走;turn off关掉。
归纳]教材中此类动词数量较大。如:cheer up使振奋;deal with处理;lead to导致;
laugh at嘲笑,取笑;make friends with与交朋友;get along with与相处;look forward to期望;put out扑灭;put off推迟;give up放弃;look up查阅等。
如:we must look into the matter immediately.我们必须马上调查此事。
the old should learn from the young and keep up with the times .老年人应向青年人学习,跟上时代发展的步伐。
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