非谓语动词。
不定式。一·不定式的时态。
不定式有：一般时、完成时、进行时。
1、 一般时。
1） 不定式所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态几乎同时发生或存在，用一般时。
i am glad to see you.
i saw her enter the room just now.
2)不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之后也用一般时。
my uncle asked me to see him this afternoon.
2、 完成时。
不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之前，用完成时。
i am glad to h**e seen your mother yesterday.
i regret to h**e been with you for so many years.
3、进行时。
当谓语动词的动作或状态发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行，用进行时。
they seemed to be talking about you.
the two cheats pretended to be working hard.
二·不定式的被动语态。
不定式被动语态用于两种时态即：一般式和完成时。
在下列情况下不定式要用被动语态：
当句子的主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者时，如：
the girl is glad to be taken to the summer palace.
the book is said to h**e been put into english.
注意：h**e you anything to be done this afternoon?
三·不定式的主动语态代替被动语态。
1、 当不定式与最近的名词（代词）有动宾关系，且与句中另一名词（代词）有主谓关系。
he has nothing to eat.
i will give you a book to read.
would you bring a bench to sit on.
he made his speech easy to understand.
he made his speech easily understood.
2、 在“主语+表语（形容词）+to do”中，主语也是不定式的逻辑宾语时。
this text is easy to recite.
the computer is too expensive to buy.
注意：the house is to let.房子要出租。
四·不定式的用法。
1、 作主语。
to know oneself is difficult.
to get up early makes us healthy.
以不定式作主语，动词用单数形式，也可用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放在句尾。
to tell a lie is wrong=it is wrong to tell a lie.
it is +adj.+
it is impossible for him to give up smoking.
it is very kind of you to help me.
2、 作宾语。
i like to go at this time.
he intends to try it.
常接不定式作宾语的动词有：want, like, hope, wish, expect, desire, intend, decide, try, manage, refuse……
否定词要放在不定式to的前面：
we decide not to go.
it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的to+v.能够这样用的动词有：find, think, believe, consider, make, take, regard……
i think it better not to go.
if you study hard, you will find it easy to learn english.
3、作表语。
to see is to believe.
his wish is to become a scientist.
4、作宾语补足语。
they think him to be honest.
i expect him to be a doctor.
5、作定语。
i h**e some clothes to wash.
i h**e no pen to write with.
they had no house to live in.
this is a good music to dance with.
the last to do arrive paies the bill.
6、疑问词+to do作主语、宾语、表语。
i do not know what to do .
i do not know how to do it.
i do not know which to choose.
i do not know whom to elect.
i do not remember when to begin.
注意：没有why to do 的用法。
7、不定式作状语。
1）作目的状语。
i come to see you. =i come in order to see you. =i come in order that i may see you.
i come for the purpose of seeing you.
in order to let some fresh air in, i opened the window.
注意：目的状语用于句首不能用so as to替换。
(2)作结果状语。
so+adj./adv. +to do
adj./adv.+ enough to do
he studied so hard as to pass the examination.
=he studied so hard that he passed the examination.
=he studied hard enough to pass the examination.
too + adj./adv.+to太……以至于不能……
so+ adj./adv.+that+sb./sth.+cannot+v.
not+ adj./adv.+enough to+v.
you are too young to drive.
you are so young that you can’t learn to drive.
you are not old enough to learn to drive.
never/not +…too…to (不至于太……而不能)
too…not to…(太……不会不……)
it is not too late to fight pollution.
he is so wise that he can know it.
only too …to +v.做某事很……
i am only too glad to meet you.
i am very glad to meet you.
注意：too ready/anxious/eager…to+v非常……
she is too ready to help others.她随时准备帮助别人。
五·不定式to的省略。
1、 感官动词。
see/watch/look atdo 做过。
hear/listen to +宾语+ doing 正在做。
feel/noticedone 被做。
i saw him turn to the left and go away.
i can hear the girl singing in the next room.
i heard my name called.
2、使役动词。
h**e/make/let sb. do 让某人做……
i will h**e him come over.
变被动。i was made to tell the truth.
the thief is not let (to) escape.
3、 do nothing but do 但是如果nothing but之前的动词不是do，则nothing but 后要用to。
the baby does nothing but cry.
4、 省略to后的动词部分，避免重复，但要保留to
he asked her to go to the movies, but she does not want to.
注意：to后面有be/h**e do/h**e done/h**e been 时不能省略to
china is no longer what she used to be.
动名词。一·动名词的时态和语态（以write为例）
1、 动名词的时态。
1） 一般时。
时间观念不明确的动名词，与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动名词或动名词的动作发生谓语动词的动作之后的动名词都用一般时。
the students are all interested in climbing mountains.
the engineer suggested bringing out a new type of computer.
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