非谓语动词和谓语动词的相对时间关系非谓语动词
相对谓语动词的时间意义例句
一般式不定式
说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数是那些表愿望的词：want; hope; expect; wish等。 i want to go home.
i hope to see you.
说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发生，多数是那些省略不定式符号的词，一般是复合宾语。 i saw him come in.
he helped him (to) carry things.
一般式动名词
表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。 we enjoyed seeing the film.
i am thinking of taking over the job.
在动词insist on; rely on; count on(相信)等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。 he insisted on doing that work
在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词on; upon after代替完成动名词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作先发生。 i remember seeing him before.
on arriving beijing, he went to see his friend.
一般式分词
现在分词 持续性动词
说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 he stood there speaking.
holding a book under his arm, he entered the room.
终止性动词
说明分词表示的动作发生之后，句中谓语动词表示的动作立刻发生。 entering the room, i found nobody in.
turning to the right, you will find the post office.
过去分词 持续性动词
通常说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。 written in ****** english, the book is easy to read.
i can't find my lost pen.
说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作并无先后。 he is a person well-known in this country.
代替完成式现在分词的被动语态。 educated by the party, he became a br**e fighter.
完成式不定式
说明行为动词在谓语动词表示的行为动词之前发生。 i'm sorry to h**e troubled you.
he is said to h**e come here.
he is thought to h**e done it.
he is believed to h**e done it.
he seemed to h**e known it.
在wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose等动词过去时后，说明行为动词没有实现。 we wished to h**e done this.
i expected to h**e left by then.
=i had expected to he**e by then.)
完成式动名词
说明动名词表示的动作，此句中动词表示的动作先发生。 we regret h**ing told you the news.
after h**ing finished his work, he went home.
he denied h**ing broke the glasses.
完成式分词
说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。多数表示一些瞬时间动词。如果是hear; see或表示位置转移的动词arrive; le**e; turn; open.
不用完成时 h**ing finished his work, he went home.
sitting down with him, we begun to discuss it.
hearing this, he rose and went to the door.
非谓语动词用法对比
知识要点：
一、不定式与动名词做主语：
1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例如：
collecting information about children’s health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。
it’s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。
2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：
1）it’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do
2）it’s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, br**e) of sb. to do.
3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：
it’s no good (use, fun) doing.
it’s (a) waste of time one’s doing.
it’s worth while doing.
二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语：
1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。
his teaching aim of this class is to train the students’ speaking ability. 他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力。
2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中。
its full-time job is laying eggs. 它的（指蚁后）的专职工作是产卵。
3、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征；进行时表示正在进行的动作。
the task of this class is practising the idioms. （现在分词做表语）
with the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. （现在进行时）
4、常用作表语的现在分词有：interesting, amusing, disappointing, missing, puzzling, exciting, inspiring, following等。现在分词表示进行与主动。
the joke is amusing .这笑话很逗人。
the problem is puzzling. 这个问题令人不解。
5、过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。
the village is surrounded by high mountains.（过去分词做表语）
the enemy was surrounded by the red army.（被动语态）
he is well educated.（过去分词做表语）
he has been educated in this college for three years.（被动语态）
常用在句中做表语的过去分词有：
used, closed, covered, interested, followed, satisfied, surrounded, done, lost, decided, prepared, s**ed, shut, won, completed, crowded, dressed, wasted, broken, married, unexpected等。
6、注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：
interest（使…感兴趣），surprise（使…吃惊），frighten（使…害怕），excite（使…兴奋），tire（使…疲劳），please（使…满意），puzzle（使…迷惑不解），satisfy（使…满意），amuse（使…娱乐），disappoint（使…失望），inspire（使…欢欣鼓舞），worry（使…忧虑）
它们的现在分词常修饰物（有时修饰人），表示主动，过去分词常修饰人，表示被动（包括某人的look、voice等）。例如：
climbing is tiring. 爬山很累人。
they are very tired. 他们很疲劳
after hearing the exciting news, he g**e a speech in an excited voice.
三、不定式与动名词做宾语：
1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语：
want, wish, hope, expect, ask, pretend, care, decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise等。
2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语：
enjoy, finish, suggest, **oid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from), keep…from, stop…(from), protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on等。
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