非谓语动词。
1. 概念和功能：做非谓语成分(主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补)的动词形式，包括-ing分词，不定式和-ed分词。
2. 非谓语动词使用条件：一个简单句里只能有一个谓语动词，是主要动作；如果还需要用动词，则只能用非谓语动词作其它成分，表示次要动作 (如果一个句子里面有两个或两个以上的谓语动词，必定各自有自己的主语，每一套主谓结构实际就是一个小简单句，每两个小简单句之间应该有连词来表达它们之间的逻辑关系，这样的大句子就不是简单句，而是复杂句了）。
非谓语动词和谓语动词的差别：
谓语动词有以及人称和数的特征，而非谓语动词则没有有___没有的差别：
找出下列句子中的谓语动词和非谓语动词，并说明非谓语动词所作的成分。
you h**e every right to feel betrayed by your friend.
you need to apologize quickly to **oid losing a good friend! shouting at him just makes things worse.
3. 各种非谓语动词的形式和意义：
1) 不定式：
1) to do:
a. 意义：多表___时，即___于主要动作（一般为谓语动作）发生；少数动词表示和主要动作相比是一个常态或者经常发生或者是一个泛指动作(如用it作形式主语时，经常用to do/ to be done作真实主语)；多表示主动关系，少数表示和相关名词或代词有动宾关系。
b. 句法功能：可作除谓语之外的任何成分（主，宾，表，定，状，宾补）
特殊句法功能：only to do/ only to be done可以作状语，表示出乎意料的结果。
c. 例句：
考得好成绩） is my dream.
i don’t want骂他）.
her intention is to假装快乐）.
she is advertising for a young woman暗中监视）.her mother-in-law.
she has only her pet dog一起生活）.
she argued about the situation day and night以找出一个解决方法）.
they expect their children集中尽力学习）.
he arrived back home in triumph(胜利地却遭到嫉妒）.
it’s wonderful放两个月假）while others are busy with their work.
2) to be done:
a. 意义：时间关系同to do；表示关系。
b. 句法功能：同to do.
c. 例句：
it’s nothing good被人称作无趣的人）
i don’t hope因为粗心受责备）.
my dream is被北大录取）.
the topic下周要讨论的）is about environmental protection为了被他们信任）, she has to report to them about her situation.
the children wanted their efforts获得关注）.
the girl went off her bus竟然钱包被人偷了).
3) to be doing / to h**e done / to h**e been done / to h**e been doing:
a. 1)意义：to be doing表示与主要动作完全同时（正在进行），主动；to h**e done先于主要动作发生，主动；to h**e been done表示/先于主要动作发生，被动；to h**e been doing表示在主要动作之前开始一直延续到主要动作或者在主要动作之前的某一点正在发生，主动。
b. 句法功能：
这四种形式的不定式一般只和固定搭配中使用，如：seem/appear/pretend/be likely/be said/be
thought/be considered/ be reported/be believed /be supposed / turn out /mean/intend等+不定式。
c. 例句：they当时假装正在吵架） when the police passed by. =they pretended that they were quarreling…
the school据说招收过）minority group students. =it’s said that they admitted minority students.
she很有可能受过训） as a zoo keeper. =it’s likely that she was trained as a zoo keeper.
she据报道这几天一直在制定这个计划） on the plan these days. =it’s reported that she has been working on…
the book appears以前很多人读过）. it appears that the book has been read by many people.
they were believed和英国人正在合作）.
非谓语动词（2）
2) -ing分词的形式：
a. doing 同时或基本同时(做主语宾语时指泛指动作动； 可以作主，宾，表，定，状，宾补成分。
the boy ****** an apology to his teacher is actually innocent of all the accusations.
blaming her boss for all her bad luck, the woman worker feels very bitter.
losing sight of the train, people began to le**e for their homes.
noticing me carrying a he**y case, the young man came to my aid.
everyone witnessed the monster attacking the villager. no one can **oid losing things.
feeling guilty is a basic human emotion. can you keep the ball rolling?
what i dislike most is speaking ill of others behind their back.
b同时或基本同时(做主语宾语时指泛指动作)，被动； 可作成分同上例：
his joke had all of us laughing. being sworn at for nothing can be very bad.
lucy admitted being scolded in public for their good grades.
many animals are good at hiding themselves. the floor being cleaned now is made of wood.
being completed now, the bridge towers over the buildings on both the ends.
seeing the door being painted, we went through a hole in the fence.
the worst thing at school is being played some cruel tricks on.
c先时，主动； 多作状语，间或可作主，宾，表（不能作定语和宾补） 例：
h**ing admitted his lack of computer skills, the professor is determined to learn some basic ones from his students.
h**ing put forward many perfect plans for his boss, pang tong gradually became conceited.
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