2019届高考英语定语从句用法归纳

发布 2021-02-22 02:41:28 阅读 7736

定语从句用法归结。

一、 何谓定语?

所谓定语,就是对名词或代词起修饰、说明、限制作用的成分。英语中主要有单词、短语、句子作定语。

eg:1、she is a beautiful girl.(单词)

2、there are only 200computers connected to the internet.(短语)

3、there is a man lying outside the door. (短语)

4、she is a girl whom i love.(句子)

注意:单个词作定语放在所修饰词的前面,短语或者句子作定语放在所修饰词的后面。

二、 何谓定语从句?

像4中用一个句子作主句某一名词或代词的定语时,我们称该句子为定语从句。即定语从句在主句中作定语,该从句修饰主句中的一个名词或代词。

其中被修饰的词(名词、词组、代词)称作先行词,定语从句一般出现在主句中先行词的后面。定语从句通常由一个引导词引导,引导词常放在先行词和定语从句之间。

eg:he is the man who wants to see you .

该句中he is the man是主句,who wants to see you为定语从句,the man为先行词。who为引导词,定语从句修饰主句中的先行词the man。

三、引导词的分类。

引导词引导定语从句,主要分为:关系代词who,whom,whose,that ,which等和关系副词when,where,why.等。

四、 定语从句的分类。

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句所修饰的词代表一个或一类特定的人或事物,该种从句是不能去掉的,否则剩下的部分就没有了意义,不能说清楚问题。

eg:he is the man who wants to see you .

该从句为限制性定语从句,把定语从句去掉只剩下he is the man,没有任何意义。后面的定语从句是修饰限制前面的先行词的,使其具有一定的意义,故不能去掉。

非限制性定语从句则不然,它只对所修饰的词做进一步说明、解释,使意思更加清晰明白,去掉之后其它部分(主句)仍然成立,仍然有意义。而且非限制性定语从句与主句之间有个明显标志:即用逗号将其隔开。

eg:mr smith ,who was my first english teacher,retired last week.

该句中的非限制性定语从句,去掉之后不影响主句的意义成立,但有了它,可使主句的意义更加清晰明白。

五、 定语从句中关系代词用法归结:

在限制性定语从句,1)、指人且作主语时用who/that

eg: he is the man who wants to see you.

2)、指人且作宾语时用whom/that/省略。

eg: he is the man whom/ that isaw yesterday.

3)、指人且位于介词后用whom,eg:this is tha man to whom i referred just now .

4)、指物用that/which.

eg:this is the question which/that we h**e had so much

5)、指物且位于介词后用which.

eg:this is the question about which/ we h**e had so much discussion.

6)、指人或物且作定语时用whose

eg:he is a boy whose name is tom.

在非限制性定语从句,1)、指人且作主语时用who

eg: mr smith ,who was my first english teacher,retired last week

2)、指人且作宾语时用whom

mary,whom i love,promoted last week.

3)、指物用which

eg:the house,which we bought last year,is very beautiful.

4)that永远不能引导非限制性定语从句。

eg:the house,that we bought last year,is very beautiful.(x)

六、 定语从句中引导词如何使用?

使用原则:判断定语从句中的引导词使用关系代词还是关系副词,主要看定语从句中缺少什么成分,如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语,则使用关系代词,如果定语从句中缺少状语(时间、地点、原因),则使用关系副词。

eg:1、i will never forget the days when we stayed together.

2、i will never forget the days that\which we spent together.

分析:在1中,定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语,明显缺少时间状语,故使用了引导词为关系副词when.,在2中,定语从句中缺少spent的宾语the days,而且同时又指物,故使用引导词为关系代词that/which.。

eg:3、can you think of a situation where this word can be used?

4、can you think of a situation which is similar to this one?

分析:在3中,定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语,明显缺少地点状语,故使用了引导词为关系副词where,在4中,定语从句中缺少主语,而且同时又指物,故使用引导词为关系代词that/which.。

七、 在定语从句中只使用which的情况归结:

1、 在非限制性定语从句中且指物时,eg:the house,which we bought last year,is very beautiful

2、 在介词后且指物时。

eg this is the village in which i was born.

3、 先行词本身为that时,eg:the clock is that which tells the time.

八、 在定语从句中只使用that的情况归结:

1、 先行词为序数词(含last)或数词或最高级时或者被这些词修饰时。

eg:the first thing that we should do is to work out a plan,look at these flowers,you can see the two that you g**e me.

2、 先行词为all 、everything、 nothing、 much、 little、 anything、 none 、few、 the one 、only 、any、 no、 one of 等或者被这些词修饰时,eg:the good man was trying to teach us all that he hnew in this lesson.

3、 先行词既有人又有物时,eg;they talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they rememberedin school.

4、 先行词分别被the very ,the only 等修饰时,eg:he was the very person that i was looking for all these days.

5、 在含有疑问代词which或who的疑问句中,eg:who is tha man that you are talking about?

九、 as 和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别归纳总结:

主要遵循以下原则;

1、 as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首、句中、句尾,而which只能放在句中、句尾。即which在引导非限制性定语从句时不能放在句首。

2、 as引导的非限制性定语从句时常用来指代主句的全部内容,而which指代主句的全部内容或部分内容。

3、 as引导的非限制性定语从句时常译为”正如”“正像,而 which则常译为“这”。

4、 若主句、从句的句意不一致或者从句对主句内容起反对、排斥、否定等作用时,常用which,而句意一致时,则用as.

eg as is known to everybody,the moon tr**els round the earth once every month.

tom was admitted into the college, as we had expected.

the earth, as is known to all,is round.

i g**e him a new year card, which he enjoyed very much.

she was married again, which was not expected.

she was late again, as was expected..

the meeting was a success, as we expected

as is often the case ,he was late for school.

高考英语定语从句

2011年高考英语。单项选择定语从句。考查要点 定语从句是高中英语学习的重要语法项目之一,它的结构和用法比较复杂,是高中阶段英语学习的一个重点,也是高考英语常考的一个考点是历年高考的热点,掌握定语从句对于语言理解和运用具有重要的意义。定语从句在高考各个题型中都有可能会涉及到。名师解题指南 定语从句是...

高考英语定语从句

课时五定语从句 一 一。the kinds of the attribute 定语的定义及种类 划出下列语句中的定语成分。is an honest love our country.your telephone number?girl in red is my sister.man who live...

英语定语从句的结构和用法

一 概念 定义 位置 译法 关于定语从句的概念,要掌握其定义 位置和译法等。定义在复合句中,用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。位置被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放于所修饰的先行词之后。即 译法含有定语从句的英语句子,译成汉语时大多把定语从句译为 的 放于所修饰的名词或代词之前,...