定语从句。
1、定义：在主从复合句中，用来修饰某一___词或___词的从句叫定语从句。
2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之thosewilling to attend the party, sign here please.
基本形式： noun/pronoun或定从如：i’ve read all the books (that) you lent me.
划线部分为___定从，先行词是___关系词是___先行词在定从中充当。
eg. i h**e lost my pen, which i like very much.划线部分为___定从，其特点是先行词是___关系词是___先行词在定从中充当___
3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。
1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。
2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。this is the placeworth visiting.
关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
there are many places we can visit them in china.(改错)
4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词。 1).关系代词。
2).关系副词。
先行词是“时间、地点、原因名词”时，并非总是用“when, where，why”来引导定从，应视该名词在定从中所充当的成分而定。不能引导非限制性定从的关系词是。
5、确定关系词的步骤 （1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which
1）先行词被①形容词最高级 ②序数词 ③基数词几种词修饰或被 ④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。
2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。
3）先行词中既有人又有物时。he was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels __filled his bus.
4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。the village is no longer the one __was 5 years ago.
5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。which are the books __you bought for me ?
6）当主句 “ there be “开头时，关系代词要用that 引导的定语从句修饰该句型的主语。
there are four desks in the middle of the office __are used for the teachers.
7)当先行词是 “ to be “ 后面的表语时关系代词用that .
this is the dictionary __was bought in the bookstore yesterday
7、宜用which而不用that的情况 （1）在非限制性定语从句中 （2）在关系词前有介词时
3）当先行词本身是that时 （4）当关系词离先行词较远时。
5)those/that +名词后的定语从句用which引导。不能用关系代词that。that pen __he took is mine.
which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语， 不用that. he succeeded in the competition, _made his parents very happy.
6) 关系代词后面有插入语时，用关系代词 which.
here is the english grammar book __as i h**e told you, will help to improve your english.
8、关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词。
1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。
2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。
3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。 who is that girl __standing by the window?
4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。
(5) 当先行词是指人的集合名词时，如果作这个名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。 mr. smith came to visit my family, _were watching tv then.
our class, _is a very good one, was praised again at the meeting.
(6) 当先行词有较长的后置定语或者在被分割的定语从句中，宜用关系代词 who : pro. wang is coming soon___will give us a talk on how to learn english.
7) 当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时，常用who :
the aunt/uncle __came to see us last week is my brother’s sister.
9、whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。 do you know __story is very moving ?
there is a room, _window faces the river.
there is a room, the window___faces the river.
10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。
1）先行词被such，so和the same修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。
such books __you bought __usefulthe school is just the same __it was 10 years age.
注意：区别①such … that … 引导的结果状语从句。they are such lovely children __we love them much.
②the same … that … 引导定语从句。i want to use the same tool __you used just now.
2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。
区别：①意义上：as 含有“这点正如……一样”。
位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。3 as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
he didn’t pass the exam, _we had expected.
there is lots of air in loose snow, _can keep the cold out.
___is known, the earth is round, not flat.
it rained hard yesterday, _prevented me from going to the park.. a. that b.
which c. as d. it
1.这和我昨天丢掉的笔是一样的．this is the same pen __i lost yesterday.
2.这正是我昨天丢掉的笔．this is the same pen __i lost yesterday.
is such a funny sort of person___i don’t understand at all.
stone is so he**y __none of us can lift .
such a he**y stone __none of us can lift it .
term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem __none of us worked out .
11、关系副词 when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which
where指地点 = in / at / from / which
why指原因 = for which
当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）i don’t like the wayhe talks.
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